stripe-ruby/lib/stripe/util.rb

require "cgi"

module Stripe
  module Util
    def self.objects_to_ids(h)
      case h
      when APIResource
        h.id
      when Hash
        res = {}
        h.each { |k, v| res[k] = objects_to_ids(v) unless v.nil? }
        res
      when Array
        h.map { |v| objects_to_ids(v) }
      else
        h
      end
    end

    def self.object_classes
      @object_classes ||= {
        # data structures
        ListObject::OBJECT_NAME => ListObject,

        # business objects
        Account::OBJECT_NAME              => Account,
        AlipayAccount::OBJECT_NAME        => AlipayAccount,
        ApplePayDomain::OBJECT_NAME       => ApplePayDomain,
        ApplicationFee::OBJECT_NAME       => ApplicationFee,
        ApplicationFeeRefund::OBJECT_NAME => ApplicationFeeRefund,
        Balance::OBJECT_NAME              => Balance,
        BalanceTransaction::OBJECT_NAME   => BalanceTransaction,
        BankAccount::OBJECT_NAME          => BankAccount,
        BitcoinReceiver::OBJECT_NAME      => BitcoinReceiver,
        BitcoinTransaction::OBJECT_NAME   => BitcoinTransaction,
        Card::OBJECT_NAME                 => Card,
        Charge::OBJECT_NAME               => Charge,
        CountrySpec::OBJECT_NAME          => CountrySpec,
        Coupon::OBJECT_NAME               => Coupon,
        Customer::OBJECT_NAME             => Customer,
        Dispute::OBJECT_NAME              => Dispute,
        EphemeralKey::OBJECT_NAME         => EphemeralKey,
        Event::OBJECT_NAME                => Event,
        FileUpload::OBJECT_NAME           => FileUpload,
        Invoice::OBJECT_NAME              => Invoice,
        InvoiceItem::OBJECT_NAME          => InvoiceItem,
        InvoiceLineItem::OBJECT_NAME      => InvoiceLineItem,
        LoginLink::OBJECT_NAME            => LoginLink,
        Order::OBJECT_NAME                => Order,
        OrderReturn::OBJECT_NAME          => OrderReturn,
        Payout::OBJECT_NAME               => Payout,
        Plan::OBJECT_NAME                 => Plan,
        Product::OBJECT_NAME              => Product,
        Recipient::OBJECT_NAME            => Recipient,
        RecipientTransfer::OBJECT_NAME    => RecipientTransfer,
        Refund::OBJECT_NAME               => Refund,
        Reversal::OBJECT_NAME             => Reversal,
        SKU::OBJECT_NAME                  => SKU,
        Source::OBJECT_NAME               => Source,
        Subscription::OBJECT_NAME         => Subscription,
        SubscriptionItem::OBJECT_NAME     => SubscriptionItem,
        ThreeDSecure::OBJECT_NAME         => ThreeDSecure,
        Token::OBJECT_NAME                => Token,
        Transfer::OBJECT_NAME             => Transfer,
      }
    end

    # Converts a hash of fields or an array of hashes into a +StripeObject+ or
    # array of +StripeObject+s. These new objects will be created as a concrete
    # type as dictated by their `object` field (e.g. an `object` value of
    # `charge` would create an instance of +Charge+), but if `object` is not
    # present or of an unknown type, the newly created instance will fall back
    # to being a +StripeObject+.
    #
    # ==== Attributes
    #
    # * +data+ - Hash of fields and values to be converted into a StripeObject.
    # * +opts+ - Options for +StripeObject+ like an API key that will be reused
    #   on subsequent API calls.
    def self.convert_to_stripe_object(data, opts = {})
      case data
      when Array
        data.map { |i| convert_to_stripe_object(i, opts) }
      when Hash
        # Try converting to a known object class.  If none available, fall back to generic StripeObject
        object_classes.fetch(data[:object], StripeObject).construct_from(data, opts)
      else
        data
      end
    end

    def self.file_readable(file)
      # This is nominally equivalent to File.readable?, but that can
      # report incorrect results on some more oddball filesystems
      # (such as AFS)
      begin
        File.open(file) { |f| }
      rescue
        false
      else
        true
      end
    end

    def self.symbolize_names(object)
      case object
      when Hash
        new_hash = {}
        object.each do |key, value|
          key = (key.to_sym rescue key) || key
          new_hash[key] = symbolize_names(value)
        end
        new_hash
      when Array
        object.map { |value| symbolize_names(value) }
      else
        object
      end
    end

    # Encodes a hash of parameters in a way that's suitable for use as query
    # parameters in a URI or as form parameters in a request body. This mainly
    # involves escaping special characters from parameter keys and values (e.g.
    # `&`).
    def self.encode_parameters(params)
      Util.flatten_params(params).
        map { |k,v| "#{url_encode(k)}=#{url_encode(v)}" }.join('&')
    end

    # Transforms an array into a hash with integer keys. Used for a small
    # number of API endpoints. If the argument is not an Array, return it
    # unchanged. Example: [{foo: 'bar'}] => {"0" => {foo: "bar"}}
    def self.array_to_hash(array)
      case array
      when Array
        hash = {}
        array.each_with_index { |v,i| hash[i.to_s] = v }
        hash
      else
        array
      end
    end

    # Encodes a string in a way that makes it suitable for use in a set of
    # query parameters in a URI or in a set of form parameters in a request
    # body.
    def self.url_encode(key)
      CGI.escape(key.to_s).
        # Don't use strict form encoding by changing the square bracket control
        # characters back to their literals. This is fine by the server, and
        # makes these parameter strings easier to read.
        gsub('%5B', '[').gsub('%5D', ']')
    end

    def self.flatten_params(params, parent_key=nil)
      result = []

      # do not sort the final output because arrays (and arrays of hashes
      # especially) can be order sensitive, but do sort incoming parameters
      params.each do |key, value|
        calculated_key = parent_key ? "#{parent_key}[#{key}]" : "#{key}"
        if value.is_a?(Hash)
          result += flatten_params(value, calculated_key)
        elsif value.is_a?(Array)
          check_array_of_maps_start_keys!(value)
          result += flatten_params_array(value, calculated_key)
        else
          result << [calculated_key, value]
        end
      end

      result
    end

    def self.flatten_params_array(value, calculated_key)
      result = []
      value.each do |elem|
        if elem.is_a?(Hash)
          result += flatten_params(elem, "#{calculated_key}[]")
        elsif elem.is_a?(Array)
          result += flatten_params_array(elem, calculated_key)
        else
          result << ["#{calculated_key}[]", elem]
        end
      end
      result
    end

    def self.normalize_id(id)
      if id.kind_of?(Hash) # overloaded id
        params_hash = id.dup
        id = params_hash.delete(:id)
      else
        params_hash = {}
      end
      [id, params_hash]
    end

    # The secondary opts argument can either be a string or hash
    # Turn this value into an api_key and a set of headers
    def self.normalize_opts(opts)
      case opts
      when String
        {:api_key => opts}
      when Hash
        check_api_key!(opts.fetch(:api_key)) if opts.has_key?(:api_key)
        opts.clone
      else
        raise TypeError.new('normalize_opts expects a string or a hash')
      end
    end

    def self.check_string_argument!(key)
      raise TypeError.new("argument must be a string") unless key.is_a?(String)
      key
    end

    def self.check_api_key!(key)
      raise TypeError.new("api_key must be a string") unless key.is_a?(String)
      key
    end

    private

    # We use a pretty janky version of form encoding (Rack's) that supports
    # more complex data structures like maps and arrays through the use of
    # specialized syntax. To encode an array of maps like:
    #
    #     [{a: 1, b: 2}, {a: 3, b: 4}]
    #
    # We have to produce something that looks like this:
    #
    #     arr[][a]=1&arr[][b]=2&arr[][a]=3&arr[][b]=4
    #
    # The only way for the server to recognize that this is a two item array is
    # that it notices the repetition of element "a", so it's key that these
    # repeated elements are encoded first.
    #
    # This method is invoked for any arrays being encoded and checks that if
    # the array contains all non-empty maps, that each of those maps must start
    # with the same key so that their boundaries can be properly encoded.
    def self.check_array_of_maps_start_keys!(arr)
      expected_key = nil
      arr.each do |item|
        return if !item.is_a?(Hash)
        return if item.count == 0

        first_key = item.first[0]

        if expected_key
          if expected_key != first_key
            raise ArgumentError,
              "All maps nested in an array should start with the same key " +
              "(expected starting key '#{expected_key}', got '#{first_key}')"
          end
        else
          expected_key = first_key
        end
      end
    end

    # Constant time string comparison to prevent timing attacks
    # Code borrowed from ActiveSupport
    def self.secure_compare(a, b)
      return false unless a.bytesize == b.bytesize

      l = a.unpack "C#{a.bytesize}"

      res = 0
      b.each_byte { |byte| res |= byte ^ l.shift }
      res == 0
    end
  end
end