Version bump to 2.13.4

Following #1627, we began to assume that the parameter passed to `Faraday::Error#new` could only be either and `Exception` or a `Hash`.

As demonstrated in #1629, it turns out in the real world we're also passing `Faraday::Env` instances when building errors, which also respond to `each_key` and `[]` too.

.github/CONTRIBUTING.md

@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ These resources can help:
 
 This project attempts to improve in these areas. Join us in doing that important work.
 
-If you want to privately raise any breach to this policy with the Faraday team, feel free to reach out to [@iMacTia](https://twitter.com/iMacTia) and [@olleolleolle](https://twitter.com/olleolleolle) on Twitter.
+If you want to privately raise any breach to this policy with the Faraday team, feel free to reach out to [@iMacTia](https://ruby.social/@iMacTia) and [@olleolleolle](https://ruby.social/@olleolleolle) on the Mastodon instance ruby.social.
 
 
 ### Required Checks

.github/dependabot.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,14 @@
 version: 2
 updates:
+  - package-ecosystem: "bundler"
+    directory: "/"
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"
   - package-ecosystem: "github-actions"
     directory: "/"
     schedule:
       interval: "weekly"
+  - package-ecosystem: "npm"
+    directory: /
+    schedule:
+      interval: "weekly"

.github/workflows/ci.yml

@@ -24,10 +24,10 @@ jobs:
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Set up Ruby 2.7
+      - name: Setup Ruby 3.x
         uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
         with:
-          ruby-version: 2.7
+          ruby-version: 3
           bundler-cache: true
 
       - name: Rubocop
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ jobs:
     strategy:
       fail-fast: false
       matrix:
-        ruby: [ '2.6', '2.7', '3.0', '3.1', '3.2' ]
+        ruby: [ '3.0', '3.1', '3.2', '3.3', '3.4' ]
         experimental: [false]
         include:
           - ruby: head
@@ -63,7 +63,6 @@ jobs:
         run: bundle exec rake
 
       - name: Test External Adapters
-        if: ${{ matrix.ruby != '2.6' }}
         continue-on-error: ${{ matrix.experimental }}
         run: bundle exec bake test:external
 

.github/workflows/publish.yml

@@ -4,22 +4,23 @@ on:
   release:
     types: [published]
 
-permissions:
-  contents: read  # to checkout the code (actions/checkout)
 jobs:
   build:
     name: Publish to Rubygems
     runs-on: ubuntu-latest
 
+    permissions:
+      contents: write
+      id-token: write
+
     steps:
       - uses: actions/checkout@v4
 
-      - name: Set up Ruby 2.7
+      - name: Setup Ruby 3.x
         uses: ruby/setup-ruby@v1
         with:
-          ruby-version: 2.7
+          bundler-cache: true
+          ruby-version: 3
 
       - name: Publish to RubyGems
-        uses: dawidd6/action-publish-gem@v1
+        uses: rubygems/release-gem@v1
-        with:
-          api_key: ${{secrets.RUBYGEMS_AUTH_TOKEN}}

.rubocop.yml

@@ -7,7 +7,7 @@ require:
 AllCops:
   DisplayCopNames: true
   DisplayStyleGuide: true
-  TargetRubyVersion: 2.6
+  TargetRubyVersion: 3.0
 
 # Custom config
 Gemspec/RequireMFA: # we don't know if this works with auto-deployments yet

.rubocop_todo.yml

@@ -1,6 +1,6 @@
 # This configuration was generated by
 # `rubocop --auto-gen-config`
-# on 2022-08-08 14:26:32 UTC using RuboCop version 1.33.0.
+# on 2023-12-27 11:12:52 UTC using RuboCop version 1.59.0.
 # The point is for the user to remove these configuration records
 # one by one as the offenses are removed from the code base.
 # Note that changes in the inspected code, or installation of new
@@ -23,23 +23,23 @@ Lint/EmptyBlock:
     - 'spec/faraday/rack_builder_spec.rb'
     - 'spec/faraday/response_spec.rb'
 
-# Offense count: 12
+# Offense count: 13
-# Configuration parameters: AllowedMethods, AllowedPatterns, IgnoredMethods, CountRepeatedAttributes.
+# Configuration parameters: AllowedMethods, AllowedPatterns, CountRepeatedAttributes.
 Metrics/AbcSize:
   Max: 42
 
-# Offense count: 4
+# Offense count: 3
 # Configuration parameters: CountComments, CountAsOne.
 Metrics/ClassLength:
   Max: 230
 
 # Offense count: 9
-# Configuration parameters: AllowedMethods, AllowedPatterns, IgnoredMethods.
+# Configuration parameters: AllowedMethods, AllowedPatterns.
 Metrics/CyclomaticComplexity:
   Max: 13
 
-# Offense count: 26
+# Offense count: 27
-# Configuration parameters: CountComments, CountAsOne, ExcludedMethods, AllowedMethods, AllowedPatterns, IgnoredMethods.
+# Configuration parameters: CountComments, CountAsOne, AllowedMethods, AllowedPatterns.
 Metrics/MethodLength:
   Max: 33
 
@@ -48,11 +48,22 @@ Metrics/MethodLength:
 Metrics/ParameterLists:
   Max: 6
 
-# Offense count: 6
+# Offense count: 7
-# Configuration parameters: AllowedMethods, AllowedPatterns, IgnoredMethods.
+# Configuration parameters: AllowedMethods, AllowedPatterns.
 Metrics/PerceivedComplexity:
   Max: 14
 
+# Offense count: 19
+# This cop supports safe autocorrection (--autocorrect).
+# Configuration parameters: AllowOnlyRestArgument, UseAnonymousForwarding, RedundantRestArgumentNames, RedundantKeywordRestArgumentNames, RedundantBlockArgumentNames.
+# RedundantRestArgumentNames: args, arguments
+# RedundantKeywordRestArgumentNames: kwargs, options, opts
+# RedundantBlockArgumentNames: blk, block, proc
+Style/ArgumentsForwarding:
+  Exclude:
+    - 'lib/faraday.rb'
+    - 'lib/faraday/rack_builder.rb'
+
 # Offense count: 3
 Style/DocumentDynamicEvalDefinition:
   Exclude:

CHANGELOG.md

@@ -517,7 +517,7 @@ Breaking changes:
 - Drop support for Ruby 1.8
 
 Features:
-- Include wrapped exception/reponse in ClientErrors
+- Include wrapped exception/response in ClientErrors
 - Add `response.reason_phrase`
 - Provide option to selectively skip logging request/response headers
 - Add regex support for pattern matching in `test` adapter

Gemfile

@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ group :development, :test do
   gem 'bake-test-external'
   gem 'coveralls_reborn', require: false
   gem 'pry'
-  gem 'rack', '~> 2.2'
+  gem 'rack', '~> 3.0'
   gem 'rake'
   gem 'rspec', '~> 3.7'
   gem 'rspec_junit_formatter', '~> 0.4'

README.md

@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ Need more details? See the [Faraday API Documentation][apidoc] to see how it wor
 This library aims to support and is [tested against][actions] the currently officially supported Ruby
 implementations. This means that, even without a major release, we could add or drop support for Ruby versions,
 following their [EOL](https://endoflife.date/ruby).
-Currently that means we support Ruby 2.6+
+Currently that means we support Ruby 3.0+
 
 If something doesn't work on one of these Ruby versions, it's a bug.
 

Rakefile

@@ -1,6 +1,9 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 require 'rspec/core/rake_task'
+require 'bundler'
+
+Bundler::GemHelper.install_tasks
 
 RSpec::Core::RakeTask.new(:spec) do |task|
   task.ruby_opts = %w[-W]

UPGRADING.md

@@ -19,7 +19,7 @@ We've taken this decision for the following technical reasons:
   focused on the Faraday API more quickly, without having to push it on all adapters immediately.
 * With the community creating more and more adapters, we wanted to avoid having first and second-class adapters
   by having some of them included with the gem and others available externally.
-* Moving adapters into separate gems allow to solve the dependency issues once and for all.
+* Moving adapters into separate gems solve the dependency issues once and for all.
   Faraday will remain a dependency-free gem, while adapter gems will be able to automatically pull
   any necessary dependency, without having to rely on the developer to do so.
 

docs/_sidebar.md

@@ -2,6 +2,7 @@
   * [Quick Start](getting-started/quick-start.md)
   * [The Env Object](getting-started/env-object.md)
   * [Dealing with Errors](getting-started/errors.md)
+  * [Migrating from rest-client](getting-started/rest-client-migration.md)
 * Customization
   * [Configuration](customization/index.md)
   * [Connection Options](customization/connection-options.md)

docs/adapters/custom/parallel-requests.md

@@ -42,18 +42,34 @@ class FlorpHttp < ::Faraday::Adapter
   def self.setup_parallel_manager(_options = nil)
     FlorpParallelManager.new # NB: we will need to define this
   end
+
+  def call(env)
+    # NB: you can call `in_parallel?` here to check if the current request
+    # is part of a parallel batch. Useful if you need to collect all requests
+    # into the ParallelManager before running them.
+  end
 end
 
 class FlorpParallelManager
-  def add(request, method, *args, &block)
+  # The execute method will be passed the same block as `in_parallel`,
-    # Collect the requests
+  # so you can either collect the requests or just wrap them into a wrapper,
-  end
+  # depending on how your adapter works.
-
+  def execute(&block)
-  def run
+    run_async(&block)
-    # Process the requests
   end
 end
 ```
 
-Compare to the finished example [em-synchrony](https://github.com/lostisland/faraday-em_synchrony/blob/main/lib/faraday/adapter/em_synchrony.rb)
+### A note on the old, deprecated interface
+
+Prior to the introduction of the `execute` method, the `ParallelManager` was expected to implement a `run` method
+and the execution of the block was done by the Faraday connection BEFORE calling that method.
+
+This approach made the `ParallelManager` implementation harder and forced you to keep state around.
+The new `execute` implementation allows to avoid this shortfall and support different flows.
+
+As of Faraday 2.0, `run` is still supported in case `execute` is not implemented by the `ParallelManager`,
+but this method should be considered deprecated.
+
+For reference, please see an example using `run` from [em-synchrony](https://github.com/lostisland/faraday-em_synchrony/blob/main/lib/faraday/adapter/em_synchrony.rb)
 and its [ParallelManager implementation](https://github.com/lostisland/faraday-em_synchrony/blob/main/lib/faraday/adapter/em_synchrony/parallel_manager.rb).

docs/customization/ssl-options.md

@@ -2,22 +2,24 @@
 
 Faraday supports a number of SSL options, which can be provided while initializing the connection.
 
-| Option             | Type                                   | Default | Description                                                                                                                                      |
+| Option             | Type                                   | Default | Description                                                                                                                        |
-|--------------------|----------------------------------------|---------|--------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
+|--------------------|----------------------------------------|---------|------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------|
-| `:verify`          | Boolean                                | true    | Verify SSL certificate. Defaults to `true`.                                                                                                      |
+| `:verify`          | Boolean                                | true    | Verify SSL certificate. Defaults to `true`.                                                                                        |
-| `:verify_hostname` | Boolean                                | true    | Verify SSL certificate hostname. Defaults to `true`.                                                                                             |
+| `:verify_hostname` | Boolean                                | true    | Verify SSL certificate hostname. Defaults to `true`.                                                                               |
-| `:ca_file`         | String                                 | nil     | Path to a CA file in PEM format.                                                                                                                 |
+| `:hostname`        | String                                 | nil     | Server hostname for SNI (see [SSL docs](https://ruby-doc.org/3.2.2/exts/openssl/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLSocket.html#method-i-hostname-3D)). |
-| `:ca_path`         | String                                 | nil     | Path to a CA directory.                                                                                                                          |
+| `:ca_file`         | String                                 | nil     | Path to a CA file in PEM format.                                                                                                   |
+| `:ca_path`         | String                                 | nil     | Path to a CA directory.                                                                                                            |
 | `:verify_mode`     | Integer                                | nil     | Any `OpenSSL::SSL::` constant (see [SSL docs](https://ruby-doc.org/3.2.2/exts/openssl/OpenSSL/SSL.html)).                          |
-| `:cert_store`      | OpenSSL::X509::Store                   | nil     | OpenSSL certificate store.                                                                                                                       |
+| `:cert_store`      | OpenSSL::X509::Store                   | nil     | OpenSSL certificate store.                                                                                                         |
-| `:client_cert`     | OpenSSL::X509::Certificate             | nil     | Client certificate.                                                                                                                              |
+| `:client_cert`     | OpenSSL::X509::Certificate             | nil     | Client certificate.                                                                                                                |
-| `:client_key`      | OpenSSL::PKey::RSA, OpenSSL::PKey::DSA | nil     | Client private key.                                                                                                                              |
+| `:client_key`      | OpenSSL::PKey::RSA, OpenSSL::PKey::DSA | nil     | Client private key.                                                                                                                |
-| `:certificate`     | OpenSSL::X509::Certificate             | nil     | Certificate (Excon only).                                                                                                                        |
+| `:certificate`     | OpenSSL::X509::Certificate             | nil     | Certificate (Excon only).                                                                                                          |
-| `:private_key`     | OpenSSL::PKey::RSA                     | nil     | Private key (Excon only).                                                                                                                        |
+| `:private_key`     | OpenSSL::PKey::RSA                     | nil     | Private key (Excon only).                                                                                                          |
-| `:verify_depth`    | Integer                                | nil     | Maximum depth for the certificate chain verification.                                                                                            |
+| `:verify_depth`    | Integer                                | nil     | Maximum depth for the certificate chain verification.                                                                              |
 | `:version`         | Integer                                | nil     | SSL version (see [SSL docs](https://ruby-doc.org/3.2.2/exts/openssl/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-ssl_version-3D)).         |
 | `:min_version`     | Integer                                | nil     | Minimum SSL version (see [SSL docs](https://ruby-doc.org/3.2.2/exts/openssl/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-min_version-3D)). |
 | `:max_version`     | Integer                                | nil     | Maximum SSL version (see [SSL docs](https://ruby-doc.org/3.2.2/exts/openssl/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-max_version-3D)). |
+| `:ciphers`         | String                                 | nil     | Ciphers supported (see [SSL docs](https://ruby-doc.org/3.2.2/exts/openssl/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-ciphers-3D)).       |
 
 ## Example
 

docs/getting-started/rest-client-migration.md

@@ -0,0 +1,225 @@
+# Migrating from `rest-client` to `Faraday`
+
+The `rest-client` gem is in maintenance mode, and developers are encouraged to migrate to actively maintained alternatives like [`faraday`](https://github.com/lostisland/faraday). This guide highlights common usage patterns in `rest-client` and how to migrate them to `faraday`.
+
+---
+
+## Quick Comparison
+
+| Task              | rest-client example                                      | faraday example                                                            |
+| ----------------- | -------------------------------------------------------- | -------------------------------------------------------------------------- |
+| Simple GET        | `RestClient.get("https://httpbingo.org/get")`            | `Faraday.get("https://httpbingo.org/get")`                                 |
+| GET with params   | `RestClient.get(url, params: { id: 1 })`                 | `Faraday.get(url, { id: 1 })`                                              |
+| POST form data    | `RestClient.post(url, { a: 1 })`                         | `Faraday.post(url, { a: 1 })`                                              |
+| POST JSON         | `RestClient.post(url, obj.to_json, content_type: :json)` | `Faraday.post(url, obj.to_json, { 'Content-Type' => 'application/json' })` |
+| Custom headers    | `RestClient.get(url, { Authorization: 'Bearer token' })` | `Faraday.get(url, nil, { 'Authorization' => 'Bearer token' })`             |
+| Get response body | `response.body`                                          | `response.body`                                                            |
+| Get status code   | `response.code`                                          | `response.status`                                                          |
+| Get headers       | `response.headers` (returns `Hash<Symbol, String>`)      | `response.headers` (returns `Hash<String, String>`)                        |
+
+---
+
+## Installation
+
+In your `Gemfile`, replace `rest-client` with:
+
+```ruby
+gem "faraday"
+```
+
+Then run:
+
+```sh
+bundle install
+```
+
+---
+
+## Basic HTTP Requests
+
+### GET request
+
+**rest-client:**
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.get("https://httpbingo.org/get")
+```
+
+**faraday:**
+
+```ruby
+Faraday.get("https://httpbingo.org/get")
+```
+
+---
+
+### GET with Params
+
+**rest-client:**
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.get("https://httpbingo.org/get", params: { id: 1, foo: "bar" })
+```
+
+**faraday:**
+
+```ruby
+Faraday.get("https://httpbingo.org/get", { id: 1, foo: "bar" })
+```
+
+---
+
+### POST Requests
+
+**rest-client:**
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.post("https://httpbingo.org/post", { foo: "bar" })
+```
+
+**faraday:**
+
+```ruby
+Faraday.post("https://httpbingo.org/post", { foo: "bar" })
+```
+
+---
+
+### Sending JSON
+
+**rest-client:**
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.post("https://httpbingo.org/post", { foo: "bar" }.to_json, content_type: :json)
+```
+
+**faraday (manual):**
+
+```ruby
+Faraday.post("https://httpbingo.org/post", { foo: "bar" }.to_json, { 'Content-Type' => 'application/json' })
+```
+
+**faraday (with middleware):**
+
+```ruby
+conn = Faraday.new(url: "https://httpbingo.org") do |f|
+  f.request :json            # encode request body as JSON and set Content-Type
+  f.response :json           # parse response body as JSON
+end
+
+conn.post("/post", { foo: "bar" })
+```
+
+---
+
+## Handling Responses
+
+**rest-client:**
+
+```ruby
+response = RestClient.get("https://httpbingo.org/headers")
+response.code    # => 200
+response.body    # => "..."
+response.headers # => { content_type: "application/json", ... }
+```
+
+**faraday:**
+
+> notice headers Hash keys are stringified, not symbolized like in rest-client
+
+```ruby
+response = Faraday.get("https://httpbingo.org/headers")
+response.status     # => 200
+response.body       # => "..."
+response.headers    # => { "content-type" => "application/json", ... }
+```
+
+---
+
+## Error Handling
+
+**rest-client:**
+
+```ruby
+begin
+  RestClient.get("https://httpbingo.org/status/404")
+rescue RestClient::NotFound => e
+  puts e.response.code  # 404
+end
+```
+
+**faraday:**
+
+> By default, Faraday does **not** raise exceptions for HTTP errors (like 404 or 500); it simply returns the response. If you want exceptions to be raised on HTTP error responses, include the `:raise_error` middleware.
+>
+> With `:raise_error`, Faraday will raise `Faraday::ResourceNotFound` for 404s and other exceptions for other 4xx/5xx responses.
+>
+> See also:
+>
+> * [Dealing with Errors](getting-started/errors.md)
+> * [Raising Errors](middleware/included/raising-errors.md)
+
+```ruby
+conn = Faraday.new(url: "https://httpbingo.org") do |f|
+  f.response :raise_error
+end
+
+begin
+  conn.get("/status/404")
+rescue Faraday::ResourceNotFound => e
+  puts e.response[:status]  # 404
+end
+```
+
+---
+
+## Advanced Request Configuration
+
+**rest-client:**
+
+```ruby
+RestClient::Request.execute(method: :get, url: "https://httpbingo.org/get", timeout: 10)
+```
+
+**faraday:**
+
+```ruby
+conn = Faraday.new(url: "https://httpbingo.org", request: { timeout: 10 })
+conn.get("/get")
+```
+
+---
+
+## Headers
+
+**rest-client:**
+
+```ruby
+RestClient.get("https://httpbingo.org/headers", { Authorization: "Bearer token" })
+```
+
+**faraday:**
+
+> Notice headers Hash expects stringified keys.
+
+```ruby
+Faraday.get("https://httpbingo.org/headers", nil, { "Authorization" => "Bearer token" })
+```
+
+---
+
+## Redirects
+
+**rest-client:**
+Automatically follows GET/HEAD redirects by default.
+
+**faraday:**
+Use the `follow_redirects` middleware (not included by default):
+
+```ruby
+require "faraday/follow_redirects"
+
+conn = Faraday.new(url: "https://httpbingo.org") do |f|
+  f.response :follow_redirects
+end
+```

docs/middleware/included/raising-errors.md

@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ by the client. They raise error classes inheriting from `Faraday::ClientError`.
 | [408](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/408) | `Faraday::RequestTimeoutError`      |
 | [409](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/409) | `Faraday::ConflictError`            |
 | [422](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/422) | `Faraday::UnprocessableEntityError` |
+| [429](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/HTTP/Status/429) | `Faraday::TooManyRequestsError` |
 | 4xx (any other)                                                     | `Faraday::ClientError`              |
 
 ## 5xx Errors
@@ -62,23 +63,28 @@ and raised as `Faraday::NilStatusError`, which inherits from `Faraday::ServerErr
 
 The behavior of this middleware can be customized with the following options:
 
-| Option              | Default | Description |
+| Option               | Default | Description |
-|---------------------|---------|-------------|
+|----------------------|---------|-------------|
-| **include_request** | true    | When true, exceptions are initialized with request information including `method`, `url`, `url_path`, `params`, `headers`, and `body`. |
+| **include_request**  | true    | When true, exceptions are initialized with request information including `method`, `url`, `url_path`, `params`, `headers`, and `body`. |
+| **allowed_statuses** | []      | An array of status codes that should not raise an error. |
 
 ### Example Usage
 
 ```ruby
 conn = Faraday.new(url: 'http://httpbingo.org') do |faraday|
-  faraday.response :raise_error, include_request: true
+  faraday.response :raise_error, include_request: true, allowed_statuses: [404]
 end
 
 begin
-  conn.get('/wrong-url') # => Assume this raises a 404 response
+  conn.get('/wrong-url')           # => Assume this raises a 404 response
-rescue Faraday::ResourceNotFound => e
+  conn.get('/protected-url')       # => Assume this raises a 401 response
-  e.response[:status]              #=> 404
+rescue Faraday::UnauthorizedError => e
-  e.response[:headers]             #=> { ... }
+  e.response[:status]              # => 401
-  e.response[:body]                #=> "..."
+  e.response[:headers]             # => { ... }
-  e.response[:request][:url_path]  #=> "/wrong-url"
+  e.response[:body]                # => "..."
+  e.response[:request][:url_path]  # => "/protected-url"
 end
 ```
+
+In this example, a `Faraday::UnauthorizedError` exception is raised for the `/protected-url` request, while the
+`/wrong-url` request does not raise an error because the status code `404` is in the `allowed_statuses` array.

docs/middleware/index.md

@@ -114,6 +114,49 @@ conn = Faraday.new do |f|
 end
 ```
 
+### DEFAULT_OPTIONS
+
+`DEFAULT_OPTIONS` improve the flexibility and customizability of new and existing middleware. Class-level `DEFAULT_OPTIONS` and the ability to set these defaults at the application level compliment existing functionality in which options can be passed into middleware on a per-instance basis.
+
+#### Using DEFAULT_OPTIONS
+
+Using `RaiseError` as an example, you can see that `DEFAULT_OPTIONS` have been defined at the top of the class:
+
+```ruby
+  DEFAULT_OPTIONS = { include_request: true }.freeze
+```
+
+These options will be set at the class level upon instantiation and referenced as needed within the class. From our same example:
+
+```ruby
+  def response_values(env)
+  ...
+    return response unless options[:include_request]
+  ...
+```
+
+If the default value provides the desired functionality, no further consideration is needed.
+
+#### Setting Alternative Options per Application
+
+In the case where it is desirable to change the default option for all instances within an application, it can be done by configuring the options in a `/config/initializers` file. For example:
+
+```ruby
+# config/initializers/faraday_config.rb
+
+Faraday::Response::RaiseError.default_options = { include_request: false }
+```
+
+After app initialization, all instances of the middleware will have the newly configured option(s). They can still be overridden on a per-instance bases (if handled in the middleware), like this:
+
+```ruby
+  Faraday.new do |f|
+    ...
+    f.response :raise_error, include_request: true 
+    ...
+  end
+```
+
 ### Available Middleware
 
 The following pages provide detailed configuration for the middleware that ships with Faraday:

faraday.gemspec

@@ -13,17 +13,17 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
   spec.homepage = 'https://lostisland.github.io/faraday'
   spec.licenses = ['MIT']
 
-  spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 2.6'
+  spec.required_ruby_version = '>= 3.0'
 
-  spec.add_dependency 'base64'
   # faraday-net_http is the "default adapter", but being a Faraday dependency it can't
   # control which version of faraday it will be pulled from.
   # To avoid releasing a major version every time there's a new Faraday API, we should
   # always fix its required version to the next MINOR version.
   # This way, we can release minor versions of the adapter with "breaking" changes for older versions of Faraday
   # and then bump the version requirement on the next compatible version of faraday.
-  spec.add_dependency 'faraday-net_http', '>= 2.0', '< 3.1'
+  spec.add_dependency 'faraday-net_http', '>= 2.0', '< 3.5'
-  spec.add_dependency 'ruby2_keywords', '>= 0.0.4'
+  spec.add_dependency 'json'
+  spec.add_dependency 'logger'
 
   # Includes `examples` and `spec` to allow external adapter gems to run Faraday unit and integration tests
   spec.files = Dir['CHANGELOG.md', '{examples,lib,spec}/**/*', 'LICENSE.md', 'Rakefile', 'README.md']
@@ -33,6 +33,7 @@ Gem::Specification.new do |spec|
     'changelog_uri' =>
       "https://github.com/lostisland/faraday/releases/tag/v#{spec.version}",
     'source_code_uri' => 'https://github.com/lostisland/faraday',
-    'bug_tracker_uri' => 'https://github.com/lostisland/faraday/issues'
+    'bug_tracker_uri' => 'https://github.com/lostisland/faraday/issues',
+    'rubygems_mfa_required' => 'true'
   }
 end

lib/faraday.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require 'cgi'
+require 'cgi/escape'
+require 'cgi/util' if RUBY_VERSION < '3.5'
 require 'date'
 require 'set'
 require 'forwardable'

lib/faraday/adapter.rb

@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ module Faraday
     self.supports_parallel = false
 
     def initialize(_app = nil, opts = {}, &block)
-      @app = ->(env) { env.response }
+      @app = lambda(&:response)
       @connection_options = opts
       @config_block = block
     end

lib/faraday/connection.rb

@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ module Faraday
   class Connection
     # A Set of allowed HTTP verbs.
     METHODS = Set.new %i[get post put delete head patch options trace]
-    USER_AGENT = "Faraday v#{VERSION}"
+    USER_AGENT = "Faraday v#{VERSION}".freeze
 
     # @return [Hash] URI query unencoded key/value pairs.
     attr_reader :params
@@ -314,15 +314,23 @@ module Faraday
     #
     # @yield a block to execute multiple requests.
     # @return [void]
-    def in_parallel(manager = nil)
+    def in_parallel(manager = nil, &block)
       @parallel_manager = manager || default_parallel_manager do
         warn 'Warning: `in_parallel` called but no parallel-capable adapter ' \
              'on Faraday stack'
         warn caller[2, 10].join("\n")
         nil
       end
-      yield
+      return yield unless @parallel_manager
-      @parallel_manager&.run
+
+      if @parallel_manager.respond_to?(:execute)
+        # Execute is the new method that is responsible for executing the block.
+        @parallel_manager.execute(&block)
+      else
+        # TODO: Old behaviour, deprecate and remove in 3.0
+        yield
+        @parallel_manager.run
+      end
     ensure
       @parallel_manager = nil
     end
@@ -423,8 +431,8 @@ module Faraday
     #
     # @param method [Symbol] HTTP method.
     # @param url [String, URI, nil] String or URI to access.
-    # @param body [String, nil] The request body that will eventually be converted to
+    # @param body [String, Hash, Array, nil] The request body that will eventually be converted to
-    #             a string.
+    #             a string; middlewares can be used to support more complex types.
     # @param headers [Hash, nil] unencoded HTTP header key/value pairs.
     #
     # @return [Faraday::Response]
@@ -473,7 +481,8 @@ module Faraday
       if url && !base.path.end_with?('/')
         base.path = "#{base.path}/" # ensure trailing slash
       end
-      url = url.to_s.gsub(':', '%3A') if URI.parse(url.to_s).opaque
+      # Ensure relative url will be parsed correctly (such as `service:search` )
+      url = "./#{url}" if url.respond_to?(:start_with?) && !url.start_with?('http://', 'https://', '/', './', '../')
       uri = url ? base + url : base
       if params
         uri.query = params.to_query(params_encoder || options.params_encoder)

lib/faraday/encoders/nested_params_encoder.rb

@@ -102,7 +102,7 @@ module Faraday
 
     protected
 
-    SUBKEYS_REGEX = /[^\[\]]+(?:\]?\[\])?/.freeze
+    SUBKEYS_REGEX = /[^\[\]]+(?:\]?\[\])?/
 
     def decode_pair(key, value, context)
       subkeys = key.scan(SUBKEYS_REGEX)

lib/faraday/error.rb

@@ -79,12 +79,46 @@ module Faraday
 
     # Pulls out potential parent exception and response hash.
     def exc_msg_and_response(exc, response = nil)
-      return [exc, exc.message, response] if exc.respond_to?(:backtrace)
+      case exc
+      when Exception
+        [exc, exc.message, response]
+      when Hash
+        [nil, build_error_message_from_hash(exc), exc]
+      when Faraday::Env
+        [nil, build_error_message_from_env(exc), exc]
+      else
+        [nil, exc.to_s, response]
+      end
+    end
 
-      return [nil, "the server responded with status #{exc[:status]}", exc] \
+    private
-        if exc.respond_to?(:each_key)
 
-      [nil, exc.to_s, response]
+    def build_error_message_from_hash(hash)
+      # Be defensive with external Hash objects - they might be missing keys
+      status = hash.fetch(:status, nil)
+      request = hash.fetch(:request, nil)
+
+      return fallback_error_message(status) if request.nil?
+
+      method = request.fetch(:method, nil)
+      url = request.fetch(:url, nil)
+      build_status_error_message(status, method, url)
+    end
+
+    def build_error_message_from_env(env)
+      # Faraday::Env is internal - we can make reasonable assumptions about its structure
+      build_status_error_message(env.status, env.method, env.url)
+    end
+
+    def build_status_error_message(status, method, url)
+      method_str = method ? method.to_s.upcase : ''
+      url_str = url ? url.to_s : ''
+      "the server responded with status #{status} for #{method_str} #{url_str}"
+    end
+
+    def fallback_error_message(status)
+      "the server responded with status #{status} - method and url are not available " \
+        'due to include_request: false on Faraday::Response::RaiseError middleware'
     end
   end
 
@@ -158,4 +192,8 @@ module Faraday
   # Raised by middlewares that parse the response, like the JSON response middleware.
   class ParsingError < Error
   end
+
+  # Raised by Faraday::Middleware and subclasses when invalid default_options are used
+  class InitializationError < Error
+  end
 end

lib/faraday/logging/formatter.rb

@@ -23,8 +23,8 @@ module Faraday
       def_delegators :@logger, :debug, :info, :warn, :error, :fatal
 
       def request(env)
-        public_send(log_level, 'request') do
+        public_send(log_level) do
-          "#{env.method.upcase} #{apply_filters(env.url.to_s)}"
+          "request: #{env.method.upcase} #{apply_filters(env.url.to_s)}"
         end
 
         log_headers('request', env.request_headers) if log_headers?(:request)
@@ -32,7 +32,7 @@ module Faraday
       end
 
       def response(env)
-        public_send(log_level, 'response') { "Status #{env.status}" }
+        public_send(log_level) { "response: Status #{env.status}" }
 
         log_headers('response', env.response_headers) if log_headers?(:response)
         log_body('response', env[:body]) if env[:body] && log_body?(:response)
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ module Faraday
       def exception(exc)
         return unless log_errors?
 
-        public_send(log_level, 'error') { exc.full_message }
+        public_send(log_level) { "error: #{exc.full_message}" }
 
         log_headers('error', exc.response_headers) if exc.respond_to?(:response_headers) && log_headers?(:error)
         return unless exc.respond_to?(:response_body) && exc.response_body && log_body?(:error)
@@ -107,11 +107,11 @@ module Faraday
       end
 
       def log_headers(type, headers)
-        public_send(log_level, type) { apply_filters(dump_headers(headers)) }
+        public_send(log_level) { "#{type}: #{apply_filters(dump_headers(headers))}" }
       end
 
       def log_body(type, body)
-        public_send(log_level, type) { apply_filters(dump_body(body)) }
+        public_send(log_level) { "#{type}: #{apply_filters(dump_body(body))}" }
       end
     end
   end

lib/faraday/middleware.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,7 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
+require 'monitor'
+
 module Faraday
   # Middleware is the basic base class of any Faraday middleware.
   class Middleware
@@ -7,9 +9,46 @@ module Faraday
 
     attr_reader :app, :options
 
+    DEFAULT_OPTIONS = {}.freeze
+    LOCK = Mutex.new
+
     def initialize(app = nil, options = {})
       @app = app
-      @options = options
+      @options = self.class.default_options.merge(options)
+    end
+
+    class << self
+      # Faraday::Middleware::default_options= allows user to set default options at the Faraday::Middleware
+      # class level.
+      #
+      # @example Set the Faraday::Response::RaiseError option, `include_request` to `false`
+      # my_app/config/initializers/my_faraday_middleware.rb
+      #
+      # Faraday::Response::RaiseError.default_options = { include_request: false }
+      #
+      def default_options=(options = {})
+        validate_default_options(options)
+        LOCK.synchronize do
+          @default_options = default_options.merge(options)
+        end
+      end
+
+      # default_options attr_reader that initializes class instance variable
+      # with the values of any Faraday::Middleware defaults, and merges with
+      # subclass defaults
+      def default_options
+        @default_options ||= DEFAULT_OPTIONS.merge(self::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+      end
+
+      private
+
+      def validate_default_options(options)
+        invalid_keys = options.keys.reject { |opt| self::DEFAULT_OPTIONS.key?(opt) }
+        return unless invalid_keys.any?
+
+        raise(Faraday::InitializationError,
+              "Invalid options provided. Keys not found in #{self}::DEFAULT_OPTIONS: #{invalid_keys.join(', ')}")
+      end
     end
 
     def call(env)

lib/faraday/options/env.rb

@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ module Faraday
                     :reason_phrase, :response_body) do
     const_set(:ContentLength, 'Content-Length')
     const_set(:StatusesWithoutBody, Set.new([204, 304]))
-    const_set(:SuccessfulStatuses, (200..299).freeze)
+    const_set(:SuccessfulStatuses, 200..299)
 
     # A Set of HTTP verbs that typically send a body.  If no body is set for
     # these requests, the Content-Length header is set to 0.
@@ -169,7 +169,7 @@ module Faraday
     def stream_response(&block)
       size = 0
       yielded = false
-      block_result = block.call do |chunk| # rubocop:disable Performance/RedundantBlockCall
+      block_result = block.call do |chunk|
         if chunk.bytesize.positive? || size.positive?
           yielded = true
           size += chunk.bytesize

lib/faraday/options/proxy_options.rb

@@ -22,8 +22,10 @@ module Faraday
       when URI
         value = { uri: value }
       when Hash, Options
-        if (uri = value.delete(:uri))
+        if value[:uri]
-          value[:uri] = Utils.URI(uri)
+          value = value.dup.tap do |duped|
+            duped[:uri] = Utils.URI(duped[:uri])
+          end
         end
       end
 

lib/faraday/options/ssl_options.rb

@@ -11,6 +11,9 @@ module Faraday
   #   #   @return [Boolean] whether to enable hostname verification on server certificates
   #   #           during the handshake or not (see https://github.com/ruby/openssl/pull/60)
   #   #
+  #   # @!attribute hostname
+  #   #   @return [String] Server hostname used for SNI (see https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.5.1/libdoc/openssl/rdoc/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLSocket.html#method-i-hostname-3D)
+  #   #
   #   # @!attribute ca_file
   #   #   @return [String] CA file
   #   #
@@ -46,12 +49,15 @@ module Faraday
   #   #
   #   # @!attribute max_version
   #   #   @return [String, Symbol] maximum SSL version (see https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.5.1/libdoc/openssl/rdoc/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-max_version-3D)
+  #   #
+  #   # @!attribute ciphers
+  #   #   @return [String] cipher list in OpenSSL format (see https://ruby-doc.org/stdlib-2.5.1/libdoc/openssl/rdoc/OpenSSL/SSL/SSLContext.html#method-i-ciphers-3D)
   #   class SSLOptions < Options; end
-  SSLOptions = Options.new(:verify, :verify_hostname,
+  SSLOptions = Options.new(:verify, :verify_hostname, :hostname,
                            :ca_file, :ca_path, :verify_mode,
                            :cert_store, :client_cert, :client_key,
                            :certificate, :private_key, :verify_depth,
-                           :version, :min_version, :max_version) do
+                           :version, :min_version, :max_version, :ciphers) do
     # @return [Boolean] true if should verify
     def verify?
       verify != false

lib/faraday/rack_builder.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require 'ruby2_keywords'
 require 'faraday/adapter_registry'
 
 module Faraday
@@ -28,10 +27,11 @@ module Faraday
 
       attr_reader :name
 
-      ruby2_keywords def initialize(klass, *args, &block)
+      def initialize(klass, *args, **kwargs, &block)
         @name = klass.to_s
         REGISTRY.set(klass) if klass.respond_to?(:name)
         @args = args
+        @kwargs = kwargs
         @block = block
       end
 
@@ -54,7 +54,7 @@ module Faraday
       end
 
       def build(app = nil)
-        klass.new(app, *@args, &@block)
+        klass.new(app, *@args, **@kwargs, &@block)
       end
     end
 
@@ -89,52 +89,52 @@ module Faraday
       @handlers.frozen?
     end
 
-    ruby2_keywords def use(klass, *args, &block)
+    def use(klass, ...)
       if klass.is_a? Symbol
-        use_symbol(Faraday::Middleware, klass, *args, &block)
+        use_symbol(Faraday::Middleware, klass, ...)
       else
         raise_if_locked
         raise_if_adapter(klass)
-        @handlers << self.class::Handler.new(klass, *args, &block)
+        @handlers << self.class::Handler.new(klass, ...)
       end
     end
 
-    ruby2_keywords def request(key, *args, &block)
+    def request(key, ...)
-      use_symbol(Faraday::Request, key, *args, &block)
+      use_symbol(Faraday::Request, key, ...)
     end
 
-    ruby2_keywords def response(key, *args, &block)
+    def response(...)
-      use_symbol(Faraday::Response, key, *args, &block)
+      use_symbol(Faraday::Response, ...)
     end
 
-    ruby2_keywords def adapter(klass = NO_ARGUMENT, *args, &block)
+    def adapter(klass = NO_ARGUMENT, *args, **kwargs, &block)
       return @adapter if klass == NO_ARGUMENT || klass.nil?
 
       klass = Faraday::Adapter.lookup_middleware(klass) if klass.is_a?(Symbol)
-      @adapter = self.class::Handler.new(klass, *args, &block)
+      @adapter = self.class::Handler.new(klass, *args, **kwargs, &block)
     end
 
     ## methods to push onto the various positions in the stack:
 
-    ruby2_keywords def insert(index, *args, &block)
+    def insert(index, ...)
       raise_if_locked
       index = assert_index(index)
-      handler = self.class::Handler.new(*args, &block)
+      handler = self.class::Handler.new(...)
       @handlers.insert(index, handler)
     end
 
     alias insert_before insert
 
-    ruby2_keywords def insert_after(index, *args, &block)
+    def insert_after(index, ...)
       index = assert_index(index)
-      insert(index + 1, *args, &block)
+      insert(index + 1, ...)
     end
 
-    ruby2_keywords def swap(index, *args, &block)
+    def swap(index, ...)
       raise_if_locked
       index = assert_index(index)
       @handlers.delete_at(index)
-      insert(index, *args, &block)
+      insert(index, ...)
     end
 
     def delete(handler)
@@ -221,7 +221,7 @@ module Faraday
     end
 
     def raise_if_adapter(klass)
-      return unless is_adapter?(klass)
+      return unless klass <= Faraday::Adapter
 
       raise 'Adapter should be set using the `adapter` method, not `use`'
     end
@@ -234,12 +234,8 @@ module Faraday
       !@adapter.nil?
     end
 
-    def is_adapter?(klass) # rubocop:disable Naming/PredicateName
+    def use_symbol(mod, key, ...)
-      klass <= Faraday::Adapter
+      use(mod.lookup_middleware(key), ...)
-    end
-
-    ruby2_keywords def use_symbol(mod, key, *args, &block)
-      use(mod.lookup_middleware(key), *args, &block)
     end
 
     def assert_index(index)

lib/faraday/request/json.rb

@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ module Faraday
     # Doesn't try to encode bodies that already are in string form.
     class Json < Middleware
       MIME_TYPE = 'application/json'
-      MIME_TYPE_REGEX = %r{^application/(vnd\..+\+)?json$}.freeze
+      MIME_TYPE_REGEX = %r{^application/(vnd\..+\+)?json$}
 
       def on_request(env)
         match_content_type(env) do |data|

lib/faraday/response/json.rb

@@ -60,7 +60,8 @@ module Faraday
         @decoder_options =
           if @decoder_options.is_a?(Array) && @decoder_options.size >= 2
             @decoder_options.slice(0, 2)
-          elsif @decoder_options.respond_to?(:load)
+          elsif @decoder_options&.respond_to?(:load) # rubocop:disable Lint/RedundantSafeNavigation
+            # In some versions of Rails, `nil` responds to `load` - hence the safe navigation check above
             [@decoder_options, :load]
           else
             [::JSON, :parse]

lib/faraday/response/logger.rb

@@ -10,11 +10,13 @@ module Faraday
     # lifecycle to a given Logger object. By default, this logs to STDOUT. See
     # Faraday::Logging::Formatter to see specifically what is logged.
     class Logger < Middleware
+      DEFAULT_OPTIONS = { formatter: Logging::Formatter }.merge(Logging::Formatter::DEFAULT_OPTIONS).freeze
+
       def initialize(app, logger = nil, options = {})
-        super(app)
+        super(app, options)
         logger ||= ::Logger.new($stdout)
-        formatter_class = options.delete(:formatter) || Logging::Formatter
+        formatter_class = @options.delete(:formatter)
-        @formatter = formatter_class.new(logger: logger, options: options)
+        @formatter = formatter_class.new(logger: logger, options: @options)
         yield @formatter if block_given?
       end
 

lib/faraday/response/raise_error.rb

@@ -6,32 +6,32 @@ module Faraday
     # client or server error responses.
     class RaiseError < Middleware
       # rubocop:disable Naming/ConstantName
-      ClientErrorStatuses = (400...500).freeze
+      ClientErrorStatuses = (400...500)
-      ServerErrorStatuses = (500...600).freeze
+      ServerErrorStatuses = (500...600)
+      ClientErrorStatusesWithCustomExceptions = {
+        400 => Faraday::BadRequestError,
+        401 => Faraday::UnauthorizedError,
+        403 => Faraday::ForbiddenError,
+        404 => Faraday::ResourceNotFound,
+        408 => Faraday::RequestTimeoutError,
+        409 => Faraday::ConflictError,
+        422 => Faraday::UnprocessableEntityError,
+        429 => Faraday::TooManyRequestsError
+      }.freeze
       # rubocop:enable Naming/ConstantName
 
+      DEFAULT_OPTIONS = { include_request: true, allowed_statuses: [] }.freeze
+
       def on_complete(env)
+        return if Array(options[:allowed_statuses]).include?(env[:status])
+
         case env[:status]
-        when 400
+        when *ClientErrorStatusesWithCustomExceptions.keys
-          raise Faraday::BadRequestError, response_values(env)
+          raise ClientErrorStatusesWithCustomExceptions[env[:status]], response_values(env)
-        when 401
-          raise Faraday::UnauthorizedError, response_values(env)
-        when 403
-          raise Faraday::ForbiddenError, response_values(env)
-        when 404
-          raise Faraday::ResourceNotFound, response_values(env)
         when 407
           # mimic the behavior that we get with proxy requests with HTTPS
           msg = %(407 "Proxy Authentication Required")
           raise Faraday::ProxyAuthError.new(msg, response_values(env))
-        when 408
-          raise Faraday::RequestTimeoutError, response_values(env)
-        when 409
-          raise Faraday::ConflictError, response_values(env)
-        when 422
-          raise Faraday::UnprocessableEntityError, response_values(env)
-        when 429
-          raise Faraday::TooManyRequestsError, response_values(env)
         when ClientErrorStatuses
           raise Faraday::ClientError, response_values(env)
         when ServerErrorStatuses
@@ -58,7 +58,7 @@ module Faraday
 
         # Include the request data by default. If the middleware was explicitly
         # configured to _not_ include request data, then omit it.
-        return response unless options.fetch(:include_request, true)
+        return response unless options[:include_request]
 
         response.merge(
           request: {

lib/faraday/utils.rb

@@ -1,6 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
-require 'base64'
 require 'uri'
 require 'faraday/utils/headers'
 require 'faraday/utils/params_hash'
@@ -26,7 +25,7 @@ module Faraday
       attr_writer :default_space_encoding
     end
 
-    ESCAPE_RE = /[^a-zA-Z0-9 .~_-]/.freeze
+    ESCAPE_RE = /[^a-zA-Z0-9 .~_-]/
 
     def escape(str)
       str.to_s.gsub(ESCAPE_RE) do |match|
@@ -38,7 +37,7 @@ module Faraday
       CGI.unescape str.to_s
     end
 
-    DEFAULT_SEP = /[&;] */n.freeze
+    DEFAULT_SEP = /[&;] */n
 
     # Adapted from Rack
     def parse_query(query)
@@ -54,7 +53,7 @@ module Faraday
     end
 
     def basic_header_from(login, pass)
-      value = Base64.encode64("#{login}:#{pass}")
+      value = ["#{login}:#{pass}"].pack('m') # Base64 encoding
       value.delete!("\n")
       "Basic #{value}"
     end

lib/faraday/utils/headers.rb

@@ -62,10 +62,10 @@ module Faraday
         super(key, val)
       end
 
-      def fetch(key, *args, &block)
+      def fetch(key, ...)
         key = KeyMap[key]
         key = @names.fetch(key.downcase, key)
-        super(key, *args, &block)
+        super(key, ...)
       end
 
       def delete(key)
@@ -77,6 +77,12 @@ module Faraday
         super(key)
       end
 
+      def dig(key, *rest)
+        key = KeyMap[key]
+        key = @names.fetch(key.downcase, key)
+        super(key, *rest)
+      end
+
       def include?(key)
         @names.include? key.downcase
       end

lib/faraday/version.rb

@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 # frozen_string_literal: true
 
 module Faraday
-  VERSION = '2.8.1'
+  VERSION = '2.13.4'
 end

package-lock.json

@@ -169,11 +169,12 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/braces": {
-      "version": "3.0.2",
+      "version": "3.0.3",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/braces/-/braces-3.0.2.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/braces/-/braces-3.0.3.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-b8um+L1RzM3WDSzvhm6gIz1yfTbBt6YTlcEKAvsmqCZZFw46z626lVj9j1yEPW33H5H+lBQpZMP1k8l+78Ha0A==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-yQbXgO/OSZVD2IsiLlro+7Hf6Q18EJrKSEsdoMzKePKXct3gvD8oLcOQdIzGupr5Fj+EDe8gO/lxc1BzfMpxvA==",
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
-        "fill-range": "^7.0.1"
+        "fill-range": "^7.1.1"
       },
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8"
@@ -612,9 +613,10 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/fill-range": {
-      "version": "7.0.1",
+      "version": "7.1.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fill-range/-/fill-range-7.0.1.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/fill-range/-/fill-range-7.1.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-qOo9F+dMUmC2Lcb4BbVvnKJxTPjCm+RRpe4gDuGrzkL7mEVl/djYSu2OdQ2Pa302N4oqkSg9ir6jaLWJ2USVpQ==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-YsGpe3WHLK8ZYi4tWDg2Jy3ebRz2rXowDxnld4bkQB00cc/1Zw9AWnC0i9ztDJitivtQvaI9KaLyKrc+hBW0yg==",
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "to-regex-range": "^5.0.1"
       },
@@ -931,6 +933,7 @@
       "version": "7.0.0",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/is-number/-/is-number-7.0.0.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-41Cifkg6e8TylSpdtTpeLVMqvSBEVzTttHvERD741+pnZ8ANv0004MRL43QKPDlK9cGvNp6NZWZUBlbGXYxxng==",
+      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=0.12.0"
       }
@@ -1444,9 +1447,10 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/semver": {
-      "version": "6.3.0",
+      "version": "6.3.1",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.0.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/semver/-/semver-6.3.1.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-b39TBaTSfV6yBrapU89p5fKekE2m/NwnDocOVruQFS1/veMgdzuPcnOM34M6CwxW8jH/lxEa5rBoDeUwu5HHTw==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-BR7VvDCVHO+q2xBEWskxS6DJE1qRnb7DxzUrogb71CWoSficBxYsiAGd+Kl0mmq/MprG9yArRkyrQxTO6XjMzA==",
+      "license": "ISC",
       "bin": {
         "semver": "bin/semver.js"
       }
@@ -1631,6 +1635,7 @@
       "version": "5.0.1",
       "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/to-regex-range/-/to-regex-range-5.0.1.tgz",
       "integrity": "sha512-65P7iz6X5yEr1cwcgvQxbbIw7Uk3gOy5dIdtZ4rDveLqhrdJP+Li/Hx6tyK0NEb+2GCyneCMJiGqrADCSNk8sQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
       "dependencies": {
         "is-number": "^7.0.0"
       },
@@ -1895,9 +1900,10 @@
       }
     },
     "node_modules/ws": {
-      "version": "7.5.9",
+      "version": "7.5.10",
-      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ws/-/ws-7.5.9.tgz",
+      "resolved": "https://registry.npmjs.org/ws/-/ws-7.5.10.tgz",
-      "integrity": "sha512-F+P9Jil7UiSKSkppIiD94dN07AwvFixvLIj1Og1Rl9GGMuNipJnV9JzjD6XuqmAeiswGvUmNLjr5cFuXwNS77Q==",
+      "integrity": "sha512-+dbF1tHwZpXcbOJdVOkzLDxZP1ailvSxM6ZweXTegylPny803bFhA+vqBYw4s31NSAk4S2Qz+AKXK9a4wkdjcQ==",
+      "license": "MIT",
       "engines": {
         "node": ">=8.3.0"
       },

spec/faraday/connection_spec.rb

@@ -300,14 +300,14 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Connection do
       it 'joins url to base when used relative path' do
         conn = Faraday.new(url: url)
         uri = conn.build_exclusive_url('service:search?limit=400')
-        expect(uri.to_s).to eq('http://service.com/service%3Asearch?limit=400')
+        expect(uri.to_s).to eq('http://service.com/service:search?limit=400')
       end
 
       it 'joins url to base when used with path prefix' do
         conn = Faraday.new(url: url)
         conn.path_prefix = '/api'
         uri = conn.build_exclusive_url('service:search?limit=400')
-        expect(uri.to_s).to eq('http://service.com/api/service%3Asearch?limit=400')
+        expect(uri.to_s).to eq('http://service.com/api/service:search?limit=400')
       end
     end
 

spec/faraday/error_spec.rb

@@ -23,8 +23,12 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Error do
 
       it { expect(subject.wrapped_exception).to be_nil }
       it { expect(subject.response).to eq(exception) }
-      it { expect(subject.message).to eq('the server responded with status 400') }
+      it { expect(subject.message).to eq('the server responded with status 400 - method and url are not available due to include_request: false on Faraday::Response::RaiseError middleware') }
-      it { expect(subject.inspect).to eq('#<Faraday::Error response={:status=>400}>') }
+      if RUBY_VERSION >= '3.4'
+        it { expect(subject.inspect).to eq('#<Faraday::Error response={status: 400}>') }
+      else
+        it { expect(subject.inspect).to eq('#<Faraday::Error response={:status=>400}>') }
+      end
       it { expect(subject.response_status).to eq(400) }
       it { expect(subject.response_headers).to be_nil }
       it { expect(subject.response_body).to be_nil }
@@ -61,7 +65,11 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Error do
       it { expect(subject.wrapped_exception).to be_nil }
       it { expect(subject.response).to eq(response) }
       it { expect(subject.message).to eq('custom message') }
-      it { expect(subject.inspect).to eq('#<Faraday::Error response={:status=>400}>') }
+      if RUBY_VERSION >= '3.4'
+        it { expect(subject.inspect).to eq('#<Faraday::Error response={status: 400}>') }
+      else
+        it { expect(subject.inspect).to eq('#<Faraday::Error response={:status=>400}>') }
+      end
       it { expect(subject.response_status).to eq(400) }
       it { expect(subject.response_headers).to be_nil }
       it { expect(subject.response_body).to be_nil }
@@ -81,5 +89,87 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Error do
       it { expect(subject.response_headers).to eq(headers) }
       it { expect(subject.response_body).to eq(body) }
     end
+
+    context 'with hash missing status key' do
+      let(:exception) { { body: 'error body' } }
+
+      it { expect(subject.wrapped_exception).to be_nil }
+      it { expect(subject.response).to eq(exception) }
+      it { expect(subject.message).to eq('the server responded with status  - method and url are not available due to include_request: false on Faraday::Response::RaiseError middleware') }
+    end
+
+    context 'with hash with status but missing request data' do
+      let(:exception) { { status: 404, body: 'not found' } } # missing request key
+
+      it { expect(subject.wrapped_exception).to be_nil }
+      it { expect(subject.response).to eq(exception) }
+      it { expect(subject.message).to eq('the server responded with status 404 - method and url are not available due to include_request: false on Faraday::Response::RaiseError middleware') }
+    end
+
+    context 'with hash with status and request but missing method in request' do
+      let(:exception) { { status: 404, body: 'not found', request: { url: 'http://example.com/test' } } } # missing method
+
+      it { expect(subject.wrapped_exception).to be_nil }
+      it { expect(subject.response).to eq(exception) }
+      it { expect(subject.message).to eq('the server responded with status 404 for  http://example.com/test') }
+    end
+
+    context 'with hash with status and request but missing url in request' do
+      let(:exception) { { status: 404, body: 'not found', request: { method: :get } } } # missing url
+
+      it { expect(subject.wrapped_exception).to be_nil }
+      it { expect(subject.response).to eq(exception) }
+      it { expect(subject.message).to eq('the server responded with status 404 for GET ') }
+    end
+
+    context 'with properly formed Faraday::Env' do
+      # This represents the normal case - a well-formed Faraday::Env object
+      # with all the standard properties populated as they would be during
+      # a typical HTTP request/response cycle
+      let(:exception) { Faraday::Env.new }
+
+      before do
+        exception.status = 500
+        exception.method = :post
+        exception.url = URI('https://api.example.com/users')
+        exception.request = Faraday::RequestOptions.new
+        exception.response_headers = { 'content-type' => 'application/json' }
+        exception.response_body = '{"error": "Internal server error"}'
+        exception.request_headers = { 'authorization' => 'Bearer token123' }
+        exception.request_body = '{"name": "John"}'
+      end
+
+      it { expect(subject.wrapped_exception).to be_nil }
+      it { expect(subject.response).to eq(exception) }
+      it { expect(subject.message).to eq('the server responded with status 500 for POST https://api.example.com/users') }
+    end
+
+    context 'with Faraday::Env missing status key' do
+      let(:exception) { Faraday::Env.new }
+
+      before do
+        exception[:body] = 'error body'
+        # Intentionally not setting status
+      end
+
+      it { expect(subject.wrapped_exception).to be_nil }
+      it { expect(subject.response).to eq(exception) }
+      it { expect(subject.message).to eq('the server responded with status  for  ') }
+    end
+
+    context 'with Faraday::Env with direct method and url properties' do
+      let(:exception) { Faraday::Env.new }
+
+      before do
+        exception.status = 404
+        exception.method = :get
+        exception.url = URI('http://example.com/test')
+        exception[:body] = 'not found'
+      end
+
+      it { expect(subject.wrapped_exception).to be_nil }
+      it { expect(subject.response).to eq(exception) }
+      it { expect(subject.message).to eq('the server responded with status 404 for GET http://example.com/test') }
+    end
   end
 end

spec/faraday/middleware_spec.rb

@@ -67,4 +67,147 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Middleware do
       end
     end
   end
+
+  describe '::default_options' do
+    let(:subclass_no_options) { FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassNoOptions }
+    let(:subclass_one_option) { FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassOneOption }
+    let(:subclass_two_options) { FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassTwoOptions }
+
+    def build_conn(resp_middleware)
+      Faraday.new do |c|
+        c.adapter :test do |stub|
+          stub.get('/success') { [200, {}, 'ok'] }
+        end
+        c.response resp_middleware
+      end
+    end
+
+    RSpec.shared_context 'reset @default_options' do
+      before(:each) do
+        FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassNoOptions.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
+        FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassOneOption.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
+        FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassTwoOptions.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
+        Faraday::Middleware.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
+      end
+    end
+
+    after(:all) do
+      FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassNoOptions.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
+      FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassOneOption.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
+      FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassTwoOptions.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
+      Faraday::Middleware.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
+    end
+
+    context 'with subclass DEFAULT_OPTIONS defined' do
+      include_context 'reset @default_options'
+
+      context 'and without application options configured' do
+        let(:resp1) { build_conn(:one_option).get('/success') }
+
+        it 'has only subclass defaults' do
+          expect(Faraday::Middleware.default_options).to eq(Faraday::Middleware::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+          expect(subclass_no_options.default_options).to eq(subclass_no_options::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+          expect(subclass_one_option.default_options).to eq(subclass_one_option::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+          expect(subclass_two_options.default_options).to eq(subclass_two_options::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+        end
+
+        it { expect(resp1.body).to eq('ok') }
+      end
+
+      context "and with one application's options changed" do
+        let(:resp2) { build_conn(:two_options).get('/success') }
+
+        before(:each) do
+          FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassTwoOptions.default_options = { some_option: false }
+        end
+
+        it 'only updates default options of target subclass' do
+          expect(Faraday::Middleware.default_options).to eq(Faraday::Middleware::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+          expect(subclass_no_options.default_options).to eq(subclass_no_options::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+          expect(subclass_one_option.default_options).to eq(subclass_one_option::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+          expect(subclass_two_options.default_options).to eq({ some_option: false, some_other_option: false })
+        end
+
+        it { expect(resp2.body).to eq('ok') }
+      end
+
+      context "and with two applications' options changed" do
+        let(:resp1) { build_conn(:one_option).get('/success') }
+        let(:resp2) { build_conn(:two_options).get('/success') }
+
+        before(:each) do
+          FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassOneOption.default_options = { some_other_option: true }
+          FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassTwoOptions.default_options = { some_option: false }
+        end
+
+        it 'updates subclasses and parent independent of each other' do
+          expect(Faraday::Middleware.default_options).to eq(Faraday::Middleware::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+          expect(subclass_no_options.default_options).to eq(subclass_no_options::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+          expect(subclass_one_option.default_options).to eq({ some_other_option: true })
+          expect(subclass_two_options.default_options).to eq({ some_option: false, some_other_option: false })
+        end
+
+        it { expect(resp1.body).to eq('ok') }
+        it { expect(resp2.body).to eq('ok') }
+      end
+    end
+
+    context 'with FARADAY::MIDDLEWARE DEFAULT_OPTIONS and with Subclass DEFAULT_OPTIONS' do
+      before(:each) do
+        stub_const('Faraday::Middleware::DEFAULT_OPTIONS', { its_magic: false })
+      end
+
+      # Must stub Faraday::Middleware::DEFAULT_OPTIONS before resetting default options
+      include_context 'reset @default_options'
+
+      context 'and without application options configured' do
+        let(:resp1) { build_conn(:one_option).get('/success') }
+
+        it 'has only subclass defaults' do
+          expect(Faraday::Middleware.default_options).to eq(Faraday::Middleware::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+          expect(FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassNoOptions.default_options).to eq({ its_magic: false })
+          expect(FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassOneOption.default_options).to eq({ its_magic: false, some_other_option: false })
+          expect(FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassTwoOptions.default_options).to eq({ its_magic: false, some_option: true, some_other_option: false })
+        end
+
+        it { expect(resp1.body).to eq('ok') }
+      end
+
+      context "and with two applications' options changed" do
+        let(:resp1) { build_conn(:one_option).get('/success') }
+        let(:resp2) { build_conn(:two_options).get('/success') }
+
+        before(:each) do
+          FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassOneOption.default_options = { some_other_option: true }
+          FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassTwoOptions.default_options = { some_option: false }
+        end
+
+        it 'updates subclasses and parent independent of each other' do
+          expect(Faraday::Middleware.default_options).to eq(Faraday::Middleware::DEFAULT_OPTIONS)
+          expect(FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassNoOptions.default_options).to eq({ its_magic: false })
+          expect(FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassOneOption.default_options).to eq({ its_magic: false, some_other_option: true })
+          expect(FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassTwoOptions.default_options).to eq({ its_magic: false, some_option: false, some_other_option: false })
+        end
+
+        it { expect(resp1.body).to eq('ok') }
+        it { expect(resp2.body).to eq('ok') }
+      end
+    end
+
+    describe 'default_options input validation' do
+      include_context 'reset @default_options'
+
+      it 'raises error if Faraday::Middleware option does not exist' do
+        expect { Faraday::Middleware.default_options = { something_special: true } }.to raise_error(Faraday::InitializationError) do |e|
+          expect(e.message).to eq('Invalid options provided. Keys not found in Faraday::Middleware::DEFAULT_OPTIONS: something_special')
+        end
+      end
+
+      it 'raises error if subclass option does not exist' do
+        expect { subclass_one_option.default_options = { this_is_a_typo: true } }.to raise_error(Faraday::InitializationError) do |e|
+          expect(e.message).to eq('Invalid options provided. Keys not found in FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassOneOption::DEFAULT_OPTIONS: this_is_a_typo')
+        end
+      end
+    end
+  end
 end

spec/faraday/options/proxy_options_spec.rb

@@ -27,6 +27,33 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::ProxyOptions do
       expect(options.inspect).to eq('#<Faraday::ProxyOptions (empty)>')
     end
 
+    it 'works with hash' do
+      hash = { user: 'user', password: 'pass', uri: 'http://@example.org' }
+      options = Faraday::ProxyOptions.from(hash)
+      expect(options.user).to eq('user')
+      expect(options.password).to eq('pass')
+      expect(options.uri).to be_a_kind_of(URI)
+      expect(options.path).to eq('')
+      expect(options.port).to eq(80)
+      expect(options.host).to eq('example.org')
+      expect(options.scheme).to eq('http')
+      expect(options.inspect).to match('#<Faraday::ProxyOptions uri=')
+    end
+
+    it 'works with option' do
+      opt_arg = { user: 'user', password: 'pass', uri: 'http://@example.org' }
+      option = Faraday::ConnectionOptions.from(proxy: opt_arg)
+      options = Faraday::ProxyOptions.from(option.proxy)
+      expect(options.user).to eq('user')
+      expect(options.password).to eq('pass')
+      expect(options.uri).to be_a_kind_of(URI)
+      expect(options.path).to eq('')
+      expect(options.port).to eq(80)
+      expect(options.host).to eq('example.org')
+      expect(options.scheme).to eq('http')
+      expect(options.inspect).to match('#<Faraday::ProxyOptions uri=')
+    end
+
     it 'works with no auth' do
       proxy = Faraday::ProxyOptions.from 'http://example.org'
       expect(proxy.user).to be_nil

spec/faraday/params_encoders/nested_spec.rb

@@ -62,7 +62,8 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::NestedParamsEncoder do
   it 'encodes rack compat' do
     params   = { a: [{ one: '1', two: '2' }, '3', ''] }
     result   = Faraday::Utils.unescape(Faraday::NestedParamsEncoder.encode(params)).split('&')
-    expected = Rack::Utils.build_nested_query(params).split('&')
+    escaped = Rack::Utils.build_nested_query(params)
+    expected = Rack::Utils.unescape(escaped).split('&')
     expect(result).to match_array(expected)
   end
 

spec/faraday/response/json_spec.rb

@@ -184,6 +184,23 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::Json, type: :response do
         response = process(body)
         expect(response.body).to eq(result)
       end
+
+      it 'passes relevant options to JSON parse even when nil responds to :load' do
+        original_allow_message_expectations_on_nil = RSpec::Mocks.configuration.allow_message_expectations_on_nil
+        RSpec::Mocks.configuration.allow_message_expectations_on_nil = true
+        allow(nil).to receive(:respond_to?)
+          .with(:load)
+          .and_return(true)
+
+        expect(JSON).to receive(:parse)
+          .with(body, { symbolize_names: true })
+          .and_return(result)
+
+        response = process(body)
+        expect(response.body).to eq(result)
+      ensure
+        RSpec::Mocks.configuration.allow_message_expectations_on_nil = original_allow_message_expectations_on_nil
+      end
     end
   end
 end

spec/faraday/response/logger_spec.rb

@@ -55,6 +55,26 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::Logger do
     end
   end
 
+  context 'when logger with program name' do
+    let(:logger) { Logger.new(string_io, progname: 'my_best_program') }
+
+    it 'logs with program name' do
+      conn.get '/hello'
+
+      expect(string_io.string).to match('-- my_best_program: request:')
+      expect(string_io.string).to match('-- my_best_program: response:')
+    end
+  end
+
+  context 'when logger without program name' do
+    it 'logs without program name' do
+      conn.get '/hello'
+
+      expect(string_io.string).to match('-- : request:')
+      expect(string_io.string).to match('-- : response:')
+    end
+  end
+
   context 'with default formatter' do
     let(:formatter) { instance_double(Faraday::Logging::Formatter, request: true, response: true, filter: []) }
 
@@ -169,7 +189,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::Logger do
   context 'when logging request body' do
     let(:logger_options) { { bodies: { request: true } } }
 
-    it 'log only request body' do
+    it 'logs only request body' do
       conn.post '/ohyes', 'name=Tamago', accept: 'text/html'
       expect(string_io.string).to match(%(name=Tamago))
       expect(string_io.string).not_to match(%(pebbles))
@@ -179,7 +199,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::Logger do
   context 'when logging response body' do
     let(:logger_options) { { bodies: { response: true } } }
 
-    it 'log only response body' do
+    it 'logs only response body' do
       conn.post '/ohyes', 'name=Hamachi', accept: 'text/html'
       expect(string_io.string).to match(%(pebbles))
       expect(string_io.string).not_to match(%(name=Hamachi))
@@ -189,13 +209,13 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::Logger do
   context 'when logging request and response bodies' do
     let(:logger_options) { { bodies: true } }
 
-    it 'log request and response body' do
+    it 'logs request and response body' do
       conn.post '/ohyes', 'name=Ebi', accept: 'text/html'
       expect(string_io.string).to match(%(name=Ebi))
       expect(string_io.string).to match(%(pebbles))
     end
 
-    it 'log response body object' do
+    it 'logs response body object' do
       conn.get '/rubbles', nil, accept: 'text/html'
       expect(string_io.string).to match(%([\"Barney\", \"Betty\", \"Bam Bam\"]\n))
     end
@@ -208,6 +228,21 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::Logger do
     end
   end
 
+  context 'when bodies are logged by default' do
+    before do
+      described_class.default_options = { bodies: true }
+    end
+
+    it 'logs response body' do
+      conn.post '/ohai'
+      expect(string_io.string).to match(%(fred))
+    end
+
+    after do
+      described_class.default_options = { bodies: false }
+    end
+  end
+
   context 'when logging errors' do
     let(:logger_options) { { errors: true } }
 

spec/faraday/response/raise_error_spec.rb

@@ -28,7 +28,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
 
   it 'raises Faraday::BadRequestError for 400 responses' do
     expect { conn.get('bad-request') }.to raise_error(Faraday::BadRequestError) do |ex|
-      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 400')
+      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 400 for GET http:/bad-request')
       expect(ex.response[:headers]['X-Reason']).to eq('because')
       expect(ex.response[:status]).to eq(400)
       expect(ex.response_status).to eq(400)
@@ -39,7 +39,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
 
   it 'raises Faraday::UnauthorizedError for 401 responses' do
     expect { conn.get('unauthorized') }.to raise_error(Faraday::UnauthorizedError) do |ex|
-      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 401')
+      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 401 for GET http:/unauthorized')
       expect(ex.response[:headers]['X-Reason']).to eq('because')
       expect(ex.response[:status]).to eq(401)
       expect(ex.response_status).to eq(401)
@@ -50,7 +50,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
 
   it 'raises Faraday::ForbiddenError for 403 responses' do
     expect { conn.get('forbidden') }.to raise_error(Faraday::ForbiddenError) do |ex|
-      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 403')
+      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 403 for GET http:/forbidden')
       expect(ex.response[:headers]['X-Reason']).to eq('because')
       expect(ex.response[:status]).to eq(403)
       expect(ex.response_status).to eq(403)
@@ -61,7 +61,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
 
   it 'raises Faraday::ResourceNotFound for 404 responses' do
     expect { conn.get('not-found') }.to raise_error(Faraday::ResourceNotFound) do |ex|
-      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 404')
+      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 404 for GET http:/not-found')
       expect(ex.response[:headers]['X-Reason']).to eq('because')
       expect(ex.response[:status]).to eq(404)
       expect(ex.response_status).to eq(404)
@@ -83,7 +83,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
 
   it 'raises Faraday::RequestTimeoutError for 408 responses' do
     expect { conn.get('request-timeout') }.to raise_error(Faraday::RequestTimeoutError) do |ex|
-      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 408')
+      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 408 for GET http:/request-timeout')
       expect(ex.response[:headers]['X-Reason']).to eq('because')
       expect(ex.response[:status]).to eq(408)
       expect(ex.response_status).to eq(408)
@@ -94,7 +94,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
 
   it 'raises Faraday::ConflictError for 409 responses' do
     expect { conn.get('conflict') }.to raise_error(Faraday::ConflictError) do |ex|
-      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 409')
+      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 409 for GET http:/conflict')
       expect(ex.response[:headers]['X-Reason']).to eq('because')
       expect(ex.response[:status]).to eq(409)
       expect(ex.response_status).to eq(409)
@@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
 
   it 'raises Faraday::UnprocessableEntityError for 422 responses' do
     expect { conn.get('unprocessable-entity') }.to raise_error(Faraday::UnprocessableEntityError) do |ex|
-      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 422')
+      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 422 for GET http:/unprocessable-entity')
       expect(ex.response[:headers]['X-Reason']).to eq('because')
       expect(ex.response[:status]).to eq(422)
       expect(ex.response_status).to eq(422)
@@ -116,7 +116,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
 
   it 'raises Faraday::TooManyRequestsError for 429 responses' do
     expect { conn.get('too-many-requests') }.to raise_error(Faraday::TooManyRequestsError) do |ex|
-      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 429')
+      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 429 for GET http:/too-many-requests')
       expect(ex.response[:headers]['X-Reason']).to eq('because')
       expect(ex.response[:status]).to eq(429)
       expect(ex.response_status).to eq(429)
@@ -138,7 +138,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
 
   it 'raises Faraday::ClientError for other 4xx responses' do
     expect { conn.get('4xx') }.to raise_error(Faraday::ClientError) do |ex|
-      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 499')
+      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 499 for GET http:/4xx')
       expect(ex.response[:headers]['X-Reason']).to eq('because')
       expect(ex.response[:status]).to eq(499)
       expect(ex.response_status).to eq(499)
@@ -149,7 +149,7 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
 
   it 'raises Faraday::ServerError for 500 responses' do
     expect { conn.get('server-error') }.to raise_error(Faraday::ServerError) do |ex|
-      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 500')
+      expect(ex.message).to eq('the server responded with status 500 for GET http:/server-error')
       expect(ex.response[:headers]['X-Error']).to eq('bailout')
       expect(ex.response[:status]).to eq(500)
       expect(ex.response_status).to eq(500)
@@ -194,18 +194,82 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Response::RaiseError do
       end
     end
 
-    context 'when the include_request option is set to false' do
+    describe 'DEFAULT_OPTION: include_request' do
-      let(:middleware_options) { { include_request: false } }
+      before(:each) do
+        Faraday::Response::RaiseError.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
+        Faraday::Middleware.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
+      end
 
-      it 'does not include request info in the exception' do
+      after(:all) do
-        expect { perform_request }.to raise_error(Faraday::BadRequestError) do |ex|
+        Faraday::Response::RaiseError.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
-          expect(ex.response.keys).to contain_exactly(
+        Faraday::Middleware.instance_variable_set(:@default_options, nil)
-            :status,
+      end
-            :headers,
+
-            :body
+      context 'when RaiseError DEFAULT_OPTION (include_request: true) is used' do
-          )
+        it 'includes request info in the exception' do
+          expect { perform_request }.to raise_error(Faraday::BadRequestError) do |ex|
+            expect(ex.response.keys).to contain_exactly(
+              :status,
+              :headers,
+              :body,
+              :request
+            )
+          end
+        end
+      end
+
+      context 'when application sets default_options `include_request: false`' do
+        before(:each) do
+          Faraday::Response::RaiseError.default_options = { include_request: false }
+        end
+
+        context 'and when include_request option is omitted' do
+          it 'does not include request info in the exception' do
+            expect { perform_request }.to raise_error(Faraday::BadRequestError) do |ex|
+              expect(ex.response.keys).to contain_exactly(
+                :status,
+                :headers,
+                :body
+              )
+            end
+          end
+        end
+
+        context 'and when include_request option is explicitly set for instance' do
+          let(:middleware_options) { { include_request: true } }
+
+          it 'includes request info in the exception' do
+            expect { perform_request }.to raise_error(Faraday::BadRequestError) do |ex|
+              expect(ex.response.keys).to contain_exactly(
+                :status,
+                :headers,
+                :body,
+                :request
+              )
+            end
+          end
         end
       end
     end
   end
+
+  describe 'allowing certain status codes' do
+    let(:conn) do
+      Faraday.new do |b|
+        b.response :raise_error, allowed_statuses: [404]
+        b.adapter :test do |stub|
+          stub.get('bad-request') { [400, { 'X-Reason' => 'because' }, 'keep looking'] }
+          stub.get('not-found') { [404, { 'X-Reason' => 'because' }, 'keep looking'] }
+        end
+      end
+    end
+
+    it 'raises an error for status codes that are not explicitly allowed' do
+      expect { conn.get('bad-request') }.to raise_error(Faraday::BadRequestError)
+    end
+
+    it 'does not raise an error for allowed status codes' do
+      expect { conn.get('not-found') }.not_to raise_error
+    end
+  end
 end

spec/faraday/utils/headers_spec.rb

@@ -56,6 +56,15 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Utils::Headers do
     it { expect(subject.delete('content-type')).to be_nil }
   end
 
+  describe '#dig' do
+    before { subject['Content-Type'] = 'application/json' }
+
+    it { expect(subject&.dig('Content-Type')).to eq('application/json') }
+    it { expect(subject&.dig('CONTENT-TYPE')).to eq('application/json') }
+    it { expect(subject&.dig(:content_type)).to eq('application/json') }
+    it { expect(subject&.dig('invalid')).to be_nil }
+  end
+
   describe '#parse' do
     context 'when response headers leave http status line out' do
       let(:headers) { "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\nContent-Type: text/html\r\n\r\n" }

spec/faraday/utils_spec.rb

@@ -103,7 +103,9 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday::Utils do
           version: '2',
           min_version: nil,
           max_version: nil,
-          verify_hostname: nil
+          verify_hostname: nil,
+          hostname: nil,
+          ciphers: nil
         }
       end
 

spec/faraday_spec.rb

@@ -19,7 +19,9 @@ RSpec.describe Faraday do
 
     it 'uses method_missing on Faraday if there is no proxyable method' do
       expected_message =
-        if RUBY_VERSION >= '3.3'
+        if RUBY_VERSION >= '3.4'
+          "undefined method 'this_method_does_not_exist' for module Faraday"
+        elsif RUBY_VERSION >= '3.3'
           "undefined method `this_method_does_not_exist' for module Faraday"
         else
           "undefined method `this_method_does_not_exist' for Faraday:Module"

spec/spec_helper.rb

@@ -29,14 +29,15 @@ SimpleCov.start do
   minimum_coverage_by_file 26
 end
 
-# Ensure all /lib files are loaded
-# so they will be included in the test coverage report.
-Dir['./lib/**/*.rb'].sort.each { |file| require file }
-
 require 'faraday'
 require 'pry'
 
-Dir['./spec/support/**/*.rb'].sort.each { |f| require f }
+# Ensure all /lib files are loaded
+# so they will be included in the test coverage report.
+Dir['./lib/**/*.rb'].each { |file| require file }
+
+# Load all Rspec support files
+Dir['./spec/support/**/*.rb'].each { |file| require file }
 
 RSpec.configure do |config|
   # rspec-expectations config goes here. You can use an alternate

spec/support/faraday_middleware_subclasses.rb

@@ -0,0 +1,18 @@
+# frozen_string_literal: true
+
+module FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses
+  class SubclassNoOptions < Faraday::Middleware
+  end
+
+  class SubclassOneOption < Faraday::Middleware
+    DEFAULT_OPTIONS = { some_other_option: false }.freeze
+  end
+
+  class SubclassTwoOptions < Faraday::Middleware
+    DEFAULT_OPTIONS = { some_option: true, some_other_option: false }.freeze
+  end
+end
+
+Faraday::Response.register_middleware(no_options: FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassNoOptions)
+Faraday::Response.register_middleware(one_option: FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassOneOption)
+Faraday::Response.register_middleware(two_options: FaradayMiddlewareSubclasses::SubclassTwoOptions)