Fix ChangeLog for beta release

* Isolate HTTP/1.x client to it's own class

* track message sent and recv

* skeleton HTTP/2 frame parser

* format

* more skeleton for HTTP/2 parsing

* Fix dropping 1st request

* format, etc

* format again

* format yet again

* update trantor

* properly handler protocol errors

* non working: send http frames

* format

* hacky, but working request sending

* slight cleanup, parse h2 header

* parse data frames

* single resp callback called

* format

* initial populate response data and header

* fix not decompressing HTTP response

* workaround clang compile error

* Support serialized GoAwau

* cleanup parsing API

* fix clang compile warnings

* fix more clang warning

* fix msvc build

* optimize frame serialization

* some minor improvments

* enable handling of multiple streams

* release streamId on fail to decode header

* fix

* if content-length is present, cehck it matches the amount of data in DATA frame

* slight cleanup for error handling

* handle error

* handle response with no body

* handle out-of-order core frames

* reply to pings

* respect max concurrent streams

* handle CR LF in header

* send request body

* track window size

* fix MSVC build

* remove forced printing in debug

* update README

* Comply with RFC setup sequence

* Turn most error into trace, ignore unknown frames

* Fix MSVC warnings

* format

* sanitize max frame size settings

* cleanup connection killing

* Correctly keep track of RX window size

* send stream window update

* track TX window size

* politely close stream

* Fix large file download

* Fix RX flow control

* RFC compliant stream ID assignment

* handle connection close

* More compliant connection error handling

* Sementics cleanup

* slight optimization

* wip: store headers if we need more frames

* parse incomming headers in continuation frame

* fix untrue error message

* fix unable to post any data

* kill connection when PUSH_PROMIS recv

* able to parse RST_STREAM

* add check for DATA, HEADERS and PUSH_PROMISE frames

* react to RST_STREAM

* Handle sending CONTINUATION frame

* handle sending large body

* remove unneeded delay

* safer string parsing

* rfc compliant and overflow fix

* format

* round robbing sending pending body

* better ctor for frames

* update trantor

* correctly track intial RX/TX window

* fix minor ordering bugs

* get rid of duplicated serialization

* track total sent bytes

* allow unsupported frame type

* format

* mark response as HTTP/2

* buffered write

* remove bad warning

* error on hpack error

* pile of small fixes

* wip: let client decide the http version to sue

* some cleanup

* send correct http1 request based on client protocol version

* correctly respect HTTP1.x pipelining settings

* reconnect HTTP/2 if running out of stream ids

* isolate HTTP1 transport for client

* implement multipart support for HTTP/2

* revert client settings

* slight update

* fix build

* tmp: disable version check

* fix version check

* Fix fail in debug build

* fix debug code

* format

* code style cleanup

* correctly handle scheme in pasthrough mode

* format

* cleanup timeout handling logic

* don't close connection if using HTTP/2

* update trantor

* update function naming

* check 1st frame must be settings

* merge with master

* better round robbin

* fix spelling and update trantor

* format

* spelling

* avoid status code overflow

* fix integer overflow when data frame too small with padding

* fix windows

* fix bad dataframe parsing

* fix: Add support for query params for H2

* move from hpacker to eric-hpack

* format

* enable changing dynamic table size

* fix typo

* fix lint

* add license header

* get rid of included eric-hpack. Use submodule

* fix codespell

* fix format

* update eric-hpack

* update comment

* fix cmake

* replace example URL

* replace example URL to the old one

* use new eric-hpack-core

* use URL that does not redirect

.github/workflows/codespell.yml

@@ -12,4 +12,4 @@ jobs:
     steps:
     - uses: actions/checkout@v4
     - run: pip install --user codespell[toml]
-    - run: codespell --ignore-words-list="coo,folx,ot,statics,xwindows" --skip="*.csp"
+    - run: codespell --ignore-words-list="coo,folx,ot,statics,xwindows,indexs,NotIn" --skip="*.csp"

.gitmodules

@@ -2,3 +2,6 @@
 	path = trantor
 	url = https://github.com/an-tao/trantor.git
 	branch = master
+[submodule "third_party/eric-hpack-core"]
+	path = third_party/eric-hpack-core
+	url = https://gitlab.com/joe1231231218/eric-hpack-core.git

CMakeLists.txt

@@ -244,6 +244,10 @@ if (BUILD_BROTLI)
     endif (Brotli_FOUND)
 endif (BUILD_BROTLI)
 
+
+  target_include_directories(
+      ${PROJECT_NAME}
+      PRIVATE $<BUILD_INTERFACE:${PROJECT_SOURCE_DIR}/third_party/eric-hpack-core>)
 set(DROGON_SOURCES
     lib/src/AOPAdvice.cc
     lib/src/AccessLogger.cc
@@ -260,6 +264,8 @@ set(DROGON_SOURCES
     lib/src/Hodor.cc
     lib/src/HttpAppFrameworkImpl.cc
     lib/src/HttpBinder.cc
+    lib/src/Http2Transport.cc
+    lib/src/Http1xTransport.cc
     lib/src/HttpClientImpl.cc
     lib/src/HttpConnectionLimit.cc
     lib/src/HttpControllerBinder.cc
@@ -296,7 +302,8 @@ set(DROGON_SOURCES
     lib/src/WebSocketClientImpl.cc
     lib/src/WebSocketConnectionImpl.cc
     lib/src/YamlConfigAdapter.cc
-    lib/src/drogon_test.cc)
+    lib/src/drogon_test.cc
+    third_party/eric-hpack-core/hpack.cpp)
 set(private_headers
     lib/src/AOPAdvice.h
     lib/src/CacheFile.h
@@ -305,6 +312,8 @@ set(private_headers
     lib/src/MiddlewaresFunction.h
     lib/src/HttpAppFrameworkImpl.h
     lib/src/HttpClientImpl.h
+    lib/src/Http2Transport.h
+    lib/src/Http1xTransport.h
     lib/src/HttpConnectionLimit.h
     lib/src/HttpControllerBinder.h
     lib/src/HttpControllersRouter.h
@@ -332,7 +341,8 @@ set(private_headers
     lib/src/ConfigAdapterManager.h
     lib/src/JsonConfigAdapter.h
     lib/src/YamlConfigAdapter.h
-    lib/src/ConfigAdapter.h)
+    lib/src/ConfigAdapter.h
+    third_party/eric-hpack-core/hpack.h)
 
 if (NOT WIN32)
     set(DROGON_SOURCES

ChangeLog.md

@@ -4,6 +4,26 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
 ## [Unreleased]
 
+## [1.10.0-beta.0] - 2024-05-25
+
+## Changed
+
+* Add HTTP/2 Client
+
+## API changes
+
+* New enum for HTTP/2 `Version::kHttp2`
+* `HttpRequest::setVersion()` deprecated and has no affect.
+* HTTP version in client is no longer controlled by `req->setVersion()` but with `newHttpClient(...., DESIRED_HTTP_VERSION)`
+  * It is more of a suggestion then requirement. The client negotiates and selects the highest supported one.
+
+## Limitations
+
+* No H2C (HTTP/2 over cleartext) support
+* Technically supports handling server push. But no API to expose it to the user yet
+* Does not support setting HTTP request dependency and priority
+* Does not support trailers
+
 ## [1.9.4] - 2024-05-04
 
 ### API changes list
@@ -1647,6 +1667,8 @@ All notable changes to this project will be documented in this file.
 
 [Unreleased]: https://github.com/an-tao/drogon/compare/v1.9.4...HEAD
 
+[1.10.0-beta.0]: https://github.com/an-tao/drogon/compare/v1.9.4...1.10.0-beta.0
+
 [1.9.4]: https://github.com/an-tao/drogon/compare/v1.9.3...v1.9.4
 
 [1.9.3]: https://github.com/an-tao/drogon/compare/v1.9.2...v1.9.3

README.md

@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ Drogon is a cross-platform framework, It supports Linux, macOS, FreeBSD, OpenBSD
 
 * Use a non-blocking I/O network lib based on epoll (kqueue under macOS/FreeBSD) to provide high-concurrency, high-performance network IO, please visit the [TFB Tests Results](https://www.techempower.com/benchmarks/#section=data-r19&hw=ph&test=composite) for more details;
 * Provide a completely asynchronous programming mode;
-* Support Http1.0/1.1 (server side and client side);
+* Support HTTP/2 (and 1.0/1.1) client and HTTP 1.1/1.0 server
 * Based on template, a simple reflection mechanism is implemented to completely decouple the main program framework, controllers and views.
 * Support cookies and built-in sessions;
 * Support back-end rendering, the controller generates the data to the view to generate the Html page. Views are described by CSP template files, C++ codes are embedded into Html pages through CSP tags. And the drogon command-line tool automatically generates the C++ code files for compilation;

lib/inc/drogon/HttpClient.h

@@ -184,6 +184,11 @@ class DROGON_EXPORT HttpClient : public trantor::NonCopyable
      * If this method is not called, the default depth value is 0 which means
      * the pipelining is disabled. For details about pipelining, see
      * rfc2616-8.1.2.2
+     *
+     * @param depth The depth value.
+     * @note This option is only valid for HTTP/1.x. If the client running in
+     * HTTP/2 mode, this settings have no effect. The maximum concurrent
+     * requests for HTTP/2 is 100 (unless the server has a different setting).
      */
     virtual void setPipeliningDepth(size_t depth) = 0;
 
@@ -238,15 +243,20 @@ class DROGON_EXPORT HttpClient : public trantor::NonCopyable
      * enabled for HTTPS.
      * @param validateCert If the parameter is set to true, the client validates
      * the server certificate when SSL handshaking.
+     * @param targetVersion The target TLS version to use for HTTPS connections.
+     * This is a mere hint, and the actual version used will depend on the
+     * server and the client's capabilities.
      * @return HttpClientPtr The smart pointer to the new client object.
      * @note: The ip parameter support for both ipv4 and ipv6 address
      */
-    static HttpClientPtr newHttpClient(const std::string &ip,
-                                       uint16_t port,
-                                       bool useSSL = false,
-                                       trantor::EventLoop *loop = nullptr,
-                                       bool useOldTLS = false,
-                                       bool validateCert = true);
+    static HttpClientPtr newHttpClient(
+        const std::string &ip,
+        uint16_t port,
+        bool useSSL = false,
+        trantor::EventLoop *loop = nullptr,
+        bool useOldTLS = false,
+        bool validateCert = true,
+        std::optional<Version> targetVersion = std::nullopt);
 
     /// Get the event loop of the client;
     virtual trantor::EventLoop *getLoop() = 0;
@@ -303,6 +313,16 @@ class DROGON_EXPORT HttpClient : public trantor::NonCopyable
         const std::vector<std::pair<std::string, std::string>>
             &sslConfCmds) = 0;
 
+    /**
+     * @brief get the protocol version used by the HTTP connection
+     * @return std::optional<Version> the protocol version used by the HTTP
+     *
+     * NOTE: It could return std::nullopt if the connection is not established
+     * or is still negotiating the protocol. This is IMPORTANT as the client
+     * COULD be lazy and not connecting until the first request arrives.
+     */
+    virtual std::optional<Version> protocolVersion() const = 0;
+
     /// Create a Http client using the hostString to connect to server
     /**
      *
@@ -329,15 +349,25 @@ class DROGON_EXPORT HttpClient : public trantor::NonCopyable
      * @param validateCert If the parameter is set to true, the client validates
      * the server certificate when SSL handshaking.
      *
+     * @param targetVersion The target HTTP version that the client will attempt
+     * to use. **THIS IS ONLY A HINT**. The server may choose to ignore this as
+     * the server may not support the requested version. The preference is as
+     * follows:
+     *   HTTP/2 > HTTP/1.1 > HTTP/1.0
+     * Note that there is no way to auto-detect HTTP/1.0 servers, so it is only
+     * used if explicitly requested.
+     *
      * @note Don't add path and parameters in hostString, the request path and
      * parameters should be set in HttpRequestPtr when calling the sendRequest()
      * method.
      *
      */
-    static HttpClientPtr newHttpClient(const std::string &hostString,
-                                       trantor::EventLoop *loop = nullptr,
-                                       bool useOldTLS = false,
-                                       bool validateCert = true);
+    static HttpClientPtr newHttpClient(
+        const std::string &hostString,
+        trantor::EventLoop *loop = nullptr,
+        bool useOldTLS = false,
+        bool validateCert = true,
+        std::optional<Version> targetVersion = std::nullopt);
 
     virtual ~HttpClient()
     {

lib/inc/drogon/HttpRequest.h

@@ -262,6 +262,7 @@ class DROGON_EXPORT HttpRequest
     /**
      * kHttp10 means Http version is 1.0
      * kHttp11 means Http version is 1.1
+     * kHttp20 means Http version is 2.0
      */
     virtual Version version() const = 0;
 

lib/inc/drogon/HttpResponse.h

@@ -328,6 +328,7 @@ class DROGON_EXPORT HttpResponse
     /**
      * kHttp10 means Http version is 1.0
      * kHttp11 means Http version is 1.1
+     * kHttp2 means Http version is 2.0
      */
     virtual Version version() const = 0;
 

lib/inc/drogon/HttpTypes.h

@@ -89,11 +89,14 @@ enum HttpStatusCode
     k511NetworkAuthenticationRequired = 511
 };
 
+// TODO: Add an option to use default HTTP version
+// as the server may not support HTTP/2.
 enum class Version
 {
     kUnknown = 0,
     kHttp10,
-    kHttp11
+    kHttp11,
+    kHttp2,
 };
 
 enum ContentType

lib/src/Http1xTransport.cc

@@ -0,0 +1,105 @@
+#include "Http1xTransport.h"
+#include "HttpResponseParser.h"
+
+using namespace drogon;
+
+Http1xTransport::Http1xTransport(trantor::TcpConnectionPtr connPtr,
+                                 Version version,
+                                 size_t *bytesSent,
+                                 size_t *bytesReceived)
+    : connPtr(connPtr),
+      bytesSent_(bytesSent),
+      bytesReceived_(bytesReceived),
+      version_(version)
+{
+    connPtr->setContext(std::make_shared<HttpResponseParser>(connPtr));
+}
+
+void Http1xTransport::sendRequestInLoop(const HttpRequestPtr &req,
+                                        HttpReqCallback &&callback)
+{
+    sendReq(req);
+    pipeliningCallbacks_.emplace(std::move(req), std::move(callback));
+}
+
+void Http1xTransport::onRecvMessage(const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &conn,
+                                    trantor::MsgBuffer *msg)
+{
+    auto responseParser = connPtr->getContext<HttpResponseParser>();
+    assert(responseParser != nullptr);
+    assert(connPtr.get() == conn.get());
+
+    // LOG_TRACE << "###:" << msg->readableBytes();
+    auto msgSize = msg->readableBytes();
+    while (msg->readableBytes() > 0)
+    {
+        if (pipeliningCallbacks_.empty())
+        {
+            LOG_ERROR << "More responses than expected!";
+            connPtr->shutdown();
+            return;
+        }
+        auto &firstReq = pipeliningCallbacks_.front();
+        if (firstReq.first->method() == Head)
+        {
+            responseParser->setForHeadMethod();
+        }
+        if (!responseParser->parseResponse(msg))
+        {
+            *bytesReceived_ += (msgSize - msg->readableBytes());
+            errorCallback(ReqResult::BadResponse);
+            return;
+        }
+        if (responseParser->gotAll())
+        {
+            auto resp = responseParser->responseImpl();
+            responseParser->reset();
+            *bytesReceived_ += (msgSize - msg->readableBytes());
+            msgSize = msg->readableBytes();
+            respCallback(resp, std::move(firstReq), conn);
+
+            pipeliningCallbacks_.pop();
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            *bytesReceived_ += (msgSize - msg->readableBytes());
+            break;
+        }
+    }
+}
+
+Http1xTransport::~Http1xTransport()
+{
+}
+
+bool Http1xTransport::handleConnectionClose()
+{
+    auto responseParser = connPtr->getContext<HttpResponseParser>();
+    if (responseParser && responseParser->parseResponseOnClose() &&
+        responseParser->gotAll())
+    {
+        auto &firstReq = pipeliningCallbacks_.front();
+        if (firstReq.first->method() == Head)
+        {
+            responseParser->setForHeadMethod();
+        }
+        auto resp = responseParser->responseImpl();
+        responseParser->reset();
+        respCallback(resp, std::move(firstReq), connPtr);
+        return false;
+    }
+    return true;
+}
+
+void Http1xTransport::sendReq(const HttpRequestPtr &req)
+{
+    trantor::MsgBuffer buffer;
+    assert(req);
+    auto implPtr = static_cast<HttpRequestImpl *>(req.get());
+    assert(version_ == Version::kHttp10 || version_ == Version::kHttp11);
+    implPtr->appendToBuffer(&buffer, version_);
+    LOG_TRACE << "Send request:"
+              << std::string_view(buffer.peek(), buffer.readableBytes());
+    *bytesSent_ += buffer.readableBytes();
+    connPtr->send(std::move(buffer));
+}

lib/src/Http1xTransport.h

@@ -0,0 +1,52 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include <trantor/net/EventLoop.h>
+#include <trantor/net/TcpClient.h>
+#include <list>
+#include <queue>
+#include <vector>
+#include "HttpTransport.h"
+
+namespace drogon
+{
+class Http1xTransport : public HttpTransport
+{
+  private:
+    std::queue<std::pair<HttpRequestPtr, HttpReqCallback>> pipeliningCallbacks_;
+    trantor::TcpConnectionPtr connPtr;
+    size_t *bytesSent_;
+    size_t *bytesReceived_;
+    Version version_{Version::kHttp11};
+
+    void sendReq(const HttpRequestPtr &req);
+
+  public:
+    Http1xTransport(trantor::TcpConnectionPtr connPtr,
+                    Version version,
+                    size_t *bytesSent,
+                    size_t *bytesReceived);
+    virtual ~Http1xTransport();
+    void sendRequestInLoop(const HttpRequestPtr &req,
+                           HttpReqCallback &&callback) override;
+    void onRecvMessage(const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &,
+                       trantor::MsgBuffer *) override;
+
+    size_t requestsInFlight() const override
+    {
+        return pipeliningCallbacks_.size();
+    }
+
+    bool handleConnectionClose() override;
+
+    void onError(ReqResult result) override
+    {
+        while (!pipeliningCallbacks_.empty())
+        {
+            auto &cb = pipeliningCallbacks_.front().second;
+            cb(result, nullptr);
+            pipeliningCallbacks_.pop();
+        }
+    }
+};
+
+}  // namespace drogon

lib/src/Http2Transport.h

@@ -0,0 +1,563 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "HttpTransport.h"
+#include "HttpResponseImpl.h"
+#include "hpack.h"
+
+#include <string_view>
+#include <variant>
+#include <climits>
+
+namespace drogon
+{
+
+using namespace EricHpack;
+
+namespace internal
+{
+// Quick and dirty ByteStream implementation and extensions so we can use it
+// to read from the buffer, safely. At least it checks for buffer overflows
+// in debug mode.
+struct ByteStream
+{
+    ByteStream(uint8_t *ptr, size_t length) : ptr(ptr), length(length)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ByteStream(const trantor::MsgBuffer &buffer, size_t length)
+        : ptr((uint8_t *)buffer.peek()), length(length)
+    {
+        assert(length <= buffer.readableBytes());
+    }
+
+    uint32_t readU24BE()
+    {
+        assert(length >= 3 && offset <= length - 3);
+        uint32_t res =
+            ptr[offset] << 16 | ptr[offset + 1] << 8 | ptr[offset + 2];
+        offset += 3;
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    uint32_t readU32BE()
+    {
+        assert(length >= 4 && offset <= length - 4);
+        uint32_t res = ptr[offset] << 24 | ptr[offset + 1] << 16 |
+                       ptr[offset + 2] << 8 | ptr[offset + 3];
+        offset += 4;
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    std::pair<bool, int32_t> readBI31BE()
+    {
+        assert(length >= 4 && offset <= length - 4);
+        int32_t res = ptr[offset] << 24 | ptr[offset + 1] << 16 |
+                      ptr[offset + 2] << 8 | ptr[offset + 3];
+        offset += 4;
+        constexpr int32_t mask = 0x7fffffff;
+        bool flag = res & (~mask);
+        res &= mask;
+        return {flag, res};
+    }
+
+    uint16_t readU16BE()
+    {
+        assert(length >= 2 && offset <= length - 2);
+        uint16_t res = ptr[offset] << 8 | ptr[offset + 1];
+        offset += 2;
+        return res;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t readU8()
+    {
+        assert(length >= 1 && offset <= length - 1);
+        return ptr[offset++];
+    }
+
+    void read(uint8_t *buffer, size_t size)
+    {
+        assert((length >= size && offset <= length - size) || size == 0);
+        memcpy(buffer, ptr + offset, size);
+        offset += size;
+    }
+
+    void read(std::vector<uint8_t> &buffer, size_t size)
+    {
+        buffer.resize(buffer.size() + size);
+        read(buffer.data(), size);
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> read(size_t size)
+    {
+        std::vector<uint8_t> buffer;
+        read(buffer, size);
+        return buffer;
+    }
+
+    void skip(size_t n)
+    {
+        assert((length >= n && offset <= length - n) || n == 0);
+        offset += n;
+    }
+
+    size_t size() const
+    {
+        return length;
+    }
+
+    size_t remaining() const
+    {
+        return length - offset;
+    }
+
+  protected:
+    uint8_t *ptr;
+    size_t length;
+    size_t offset = 0;
+};
+
+// DITTO but for serialization
+struct OByteStream
+{
+    void writeU24BE(uint32_t value)
+    {
+        assert(value <= 0xffffff);
+        value = htonl(value);
+        buffer.append((char *)&value + 1, 3);
+    }
+
+    void writeU32BE(uint32_t value)
+    {
+        value = htonl(value);
+        buffer.append((char *)&value, 4);
+    }
+
+    void writeU16BE(uint16_t value)
+    {
+        value = htons(value);
+        buffer.append((char *)&value, 2);
+    }
+
+    void writeU8(uint8_t value)
+    {
+        buffer.append((char *)&value, 1);
+    }
+
+    void pad(size_t size, uint8_t value = 0)
+    {
+        buffer.ensureWritableBytes(size);
+        auto ptr = (uint8_t *)buffer.peek() + buffer.readableBytes();
+        memset(ptr, value, size);
+        buffer.hasWritten(size);
+    }
+
+    void write(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t size)
+    {
+        buffer.append((char *)ptr, size);
+    }
+
+    void write(const std::string_view &str)
+    {
+        buffer.append(str.data(), str.size());
+    }
+
+    void overwriteU24BE(size_t offset, uint32_t value)
+    {
+        assert(value <= 0xffffff);
+        assert(offset <= buffer.readableBytes() - 3);
+        assert(buffer.writableBytes() >= 3);
+        auto ptr = (uint8_t *)buffer.peek() + offset;
+        ptr[0] = value >> 16;
+        ptr[1] = value >> 8;
+        ptr[2] = value;
+    }
+
+    void overwriteU8(size_t offset, uint8_t value)
+    {
+        assert(offset <= buffer.readableBytes() - 1);
+        assert(buffer.writableBytes() >= 1);
+        auto ptr = (uint8_t *)buffer.peek() + offset;
+        ptr[0] = value;
+    }
+
+    uint8_t *peek()
+    {
+        return (uint8_t *)buffer.peek();
+    }
+
+    size_t size() const
+    {
+        return buffer.readableBytes();
+    }
+
+    trantor::MsgBuffer buffer;
+};
+
+struct SettingsFrame
+{
+    SettingsFrame() = default;
+
+    SettingsFrame(bool ack) : ack(ack)
+    {
+    }
+
+    bool ack = false;
+    std::vector<std::pair<uint16_t, uint32_t>> settings;
+
+    static std::optional<SettingsFrame> parse(ByteStream &payload,
+                                              uint8_t flags);
+    bool serialize(OByteStream &stream, uint8_t &flags) const;
+};
+
+struct WindowUpdateFrame
+{
+    WindowUpdateFrame() = default;
+
+    WindowUpdateFrame(uint32_t windowSizeIncrement)
+        : windowSizeIncrement(windowSizeIncrement)
+    {
+    }
+
+    uint32_t windowSizeIncrement = 0;
+
+    static std::optional<WindowUpdateFrame> parse(ByteStream &payload,
+                                                  uint8_t flags);
+    bool serialize(OByteStream &stream, uint8_t &flags) const;
+};
+
+struct HeadersFrame
+{
+    HeadersFrame() = default;
+
+    HeadersFrame(std::vector<uint8_t> headerBlockFragment,
+                 bool endHeaders,
+                 bool endStream)
+        : headerBlockFragment(std::move(headerBlockFragment)),
+          endHeaders(endHeaders),
+          endStream(endStream)
+    {
+    }
+
+    HeadersFrame(const uint8_t *ptr,
+                 size_t size,
+                 bool endHeaders,
+                 bool endStream)
+        : headerBlockFragment(ptr, ptr + size),
+          endHeaders(endHeaders),
+          endStream(endStream)
+    {
+    }
+
+    uint8_t padLength = 0;
+    bool exclusive = false;
+    uint32_t streamDependency = 0;
+    uint8_t weight = 0;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> headerBlockFragment;
+    bool endHeaders = false;
+    bool endStream = false;
+
+    static std::optional<HeadersFrame> parse(ByteStream &payload,
+                                             uint8_t flags);
+    bool serialize(OByteStream &stream, uint8_t &flags) const;
+};
+
+struct GoAwayFrame
+{
+    GoAwayFrame() = default;
+
+    GoAwayFrame(uint32_t lastStreamId,
+                uint32_t errorCode,
+                const std::string &additionalDebugData)
+        : lastStreamId(lastStreamId),
+          errorCode(errorCode),
+          additionalDebugData((const uint8_t *)additionalDebugData.data(),
+                              (const uint8_t *)additionalDebugData.data() +
+                                  additionalDebugData.size())
+    {
+    }
+
+    uint32_t lastStreamId = 0;
+    uint32_t errorCode = 0;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> additionalDebugData;
+
+    static std::optional<GoAwayFrame> parse(ByteStream &payload, uint8_t flags);
+    bool serialize(OByteStream &stream, uint8_t &flags) const;
+};
+
+struct DataFrame
+{
+    DataFrame() = default;
+
+    DataFrame(std::vector<uint8_t> data, bool endStream)
+        : data(std::move(data)), endStream(endStream)
+    {
+    }
+
+    DataFrame(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t size, bool endStream)
+        : data(std::vector<uint8_t>(ptr, ptr + size)), endStream(endStream)
+    {
+    }
+
+    explicit DataFrame(std::string_view data, bool endStream)
+        : data(data), endStream(endStream)
+    {
+    }
+
+    uint8_t padLength = 0;
+    std::variant<std::vector<uint8_t>, std::string_view> data;
+    bool endStream = false;
+
+    std::pair<const uint8_t *, size_t> getData() const
+    {
+        if (std::holds_alternative<std::vector<uint8_t>>(data))
+        {
+            auto &vec = std::get<std::vector<uint8_t>>(data);
+            return {vec.data(), vec.size()};
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            auto &str = std::get<std::string_view>(data);
+            return {(const uint8_t *)str.data(), str.size()};
+        }
+    }
+
+    static std::optional<DataFrame> parse(ByteStream &payload, uint8_t flags);
+    bool serialize(OByteStream &stream, uint8_t &flags) const;
+};
+
+struct PingFrame
+{
+    PingFrame() = default;
+
+    PingFrame(std::array<uint8_t, 8> opaqueData, bool ack)
+        : opaqueData(opaqueData), ack(ack)
+    {
+    }
+
+    std::array<uint8_t, 8> opaqueData;
+    bool ack = false;
+
+    static std::optional<PingFrame> parse(ByteStream &payload, uint8_t flags);
+    bool serialize(OByteStream &stream, uint8_t &flags) const;
+};
+
+struct ContinuationFrame
+{
+    ContinuationFrame() = default;
+
+    ContinuationFrame(std::vector<uint8_t> headerBlockFragment, bool endHeaders)
+        : headerBlockFragment(std::move(headerBlockFragment)),
+          endHeaders(endHeaders)
+    {
+    }
+
+    ContinuationFrame(const uint8_t *ptr, size_t size, bool endHeaders)
+        : headerBlockFragment(ptr, ptr + size), endHeaders(endHeaders)
+    {
+    }
+
+    std::vector<uint8_t> headerBlockFragment;
+    bool endHeaders = false;
+
+    static std::optional<ContinuationFrame> parse(ByteStream &payload,
+                                                  uint8_t flags);
+    bool serialize(OByteStream &stream, uint8_t &flags) const;
+};
+
+struct RstStreamFrame
+{
+    RstStreamFrame() = default;
+
+    RstStreamFrame(uint32_t errorCode) : errorCode(errorCode)
+    {
+    }
+
+    uint32_t errorCode = 0;
+
+    static std::optional<RstStreamFrame> parse(ByteStream &payload,
+                                               uint8_t flags);
+    bool serialize(OByteStream &stream, uint8_t &flags) const;
+};
+
+struct PushPromiseFrame
+{
+    PushPromiseFrame() = default;
+
+    PushPromiseFrame(uint32_t promisedStreamId,
+                     std::vector<uint8_t> headerBlockFragment,
+                     bool endHeaders)
+        : promisedStreamId(promisedStreamId),
+          headerBlockFragment(std::move(headerBlockFragment)),
+          endHeaders(endHeaders)
+    {
+    }
+
+    uint8_t padLength = 0;
+    int32_t promisedStreamId = 0;
+    std::vector<uint8_t> headerBlockFragment;
+    bool endHeaders = false;
+
+    static std::optional<PushPromiseFrame> parse(ByteStream &payload,
+                                                 uint8_t flags);
+    bool serialize(OByteStream &stream, uint8_t &flags) const;
+};
+
+using H2Frame = std::variant<SettingsFrame,
+                             WindowUpdateFrame,
+                             HeadersFrame,
+                             GoAwayFrame,
+                             DataFrame,
+                             PingFrame,
+                             ContinuationFrame,
+                             PushPromiseFrame,
+                             RstStreamFrame>;
+
+enum class StreamState
+{
+    SendingBody,
+    ExpectingHeaders,
+    ExpectingContinuation,
+    ExpectingData,
+    Finished,
+};
+
+// Virtual stream that holds properties for the HTTP/2 stream
+// Defaults to stream 0 global properties
+struct H2Stream
+{
+    HttpReqCallback callback;
+    HttpResponseImplPtr response;
+    HttpRequestPtr request;
+    std::string body;
+    std::optional<size_t> contentLength;
+    int32_t streamId = 0;
+    size_t avaliableTxWindow = 65535;
+    size_t avaliableRxWindow = 65535;
+    StreamState state = StreamState::ExpectingHeaders;
+
+    trantor::MsgBuffer multipartData;
+};
+}  // namespace internal
+
+enum class StreamCloseErrorCode
+{
+    NoError = 0x0,
+    ProtocolError = 0x1,
+    InternalError = 0x2,
+    FlowControlError = 0x3,
+    SettingsTimeout = 0x4,
+    StreamClosed = 0x5,
+    FrameSizeError = 0x6,
+    RefusedStream = 0x7,
+    Cancel = 0x8,
+    CompressionError = 0x9,
+    ConnectError = 0xa,
+    EnhanceYourCalm = 0xb,
+    InadequateSecurity = 0xc,
+    Http11Required = 0xd,
+};
+
+class Http2Transport : public HttpTransport
+{
+  private:
+    // Implementation details, stuff we need to implement HTTP/2
+    trantor::TcpConnectionPtr connPtr;
+    size_t *bytesSent_;
+    size_t *bytesReceived_;
+    Hpack hpackTx;
+    Hpack hpackRx;
+
+    int32_t currentStreamId = 1;
+    std::unordered_map<int32_t, internal::H2Stream> streams;
+    std::queue<std::pair<HttpRequestPtr, HttpReqCallback>> bufferedRequests;
+    trantor::MsgBuffer headerBufferRx;
+    internal::OByteStream batchedSendBuffer;
+    int32_t expectngContinuationStreamId = 0;
+
+    std::map<int32_t, size_t> pendingDataSend;
+    std::optional<decltype(pendingDataSend)::iterator> currentDataSend;
+    bool reconnectionIssued = false;
+    bool firstSettingsReceived = false;
+
+    // HTTP/2 client-wide settings (can be changed by server)
+    size_t maxConcurrentStreams = 100;
+    size_t initialRxWindowSize = 65535;
+    size_t initialTxWindowSize = 65535;
+    size_t maxFrameSize = 16384;
+    size_t maxRxDynamicTableSize = 4096;
+
+    // Configuration settings
+    const uint32_t windowIncreaseThreshold = 16384;
+    const uint32_t windowIncreaseSize = 128 * 1024;  // 128KB
+    const uint32_t maxCompressiedHeaderSize = 2048;
+    const int32_t streamIdReconnectThreshold = INT_MAX - 8192;
+
+    // HTTP/2 connection-wide state
+    size_t avaliableTxWindow = 65535;
+    size_t avaliableRxWindow = 65535;
+
+    internal::H2Stream &createStream(int32_t streamId);
+    void responseSuccess(internal::H2Stream &stream);
+    void streamErrored(int32_t streamId, ReqResult result);
+
+    std::optional<int32_t> nextStreamId()
+    {
+        // XXX: Technically UB. But no one actually uses 1's complement
+        if (currentStreamId < 0)
+            return std::nullopt;
+
+        int32_t streamId = currentStreamId;
+        currentStreamId += 2;
+        return streamId;
+    }
+
+    // Returns true when we SHOULD reconnect due to exhausting stream IDs.
+    // Doesn't mean we will. We will force a reconnect when we actually
+    // run out.
+    inline bool runningOutStreamId()
+    {
+        return currentStreamId > streamIdReconnectThreshold;
+    }
+
+    void handleFrameForStream(const internal::H2Frame &frame,
+                              int32_t streamId,
+                              uint8_t flags);
+    void connectionErrored(int32_t lastStreamId,
+                           StreamCloseErrorCode errorCode,
+                           std::string errorMsg = "");
+
+    bool parseAndApplyHeaders(internal::H2Stream &stream,
+                              const void *data,
+                              size_t len);
+    std::pair<size_t, bool> sendBodyForStream(internal::H2Stream &stream,
+                                              const void *data,
+                                              size_t size);
+    std::pair<size_t, bool> sendBodyForStream(internal::H2Stream &stream,
+                                              size_t offset);
+    void sendFrame(const internal::H2Frame &frame, int32_t streamId);
+
+    void sendBufferedData();
+
+  public:
+    Http2Transport(trantor::TcpConnectionPtr connPtr,
+                   size_t *bytesSent,
+                   size_t *bytesReceived);
+
+    void sendRequestInLoop(const HttpRequestPtr &req,
+                           HttpReqCallback &&callback) override;
+    void onRecvMessage(const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &,
+                       trantor::MsgBuffer *) override;
+
+    size_t requestsInFlight() const override
+    {
+        return streams.size();
+    }
+
+    bool handleConnectionClose() override;
+
+    void onError(ReqResult result) override;
+
+  protected:
+    void onServerSettingsReceived(){};
+};
+}  // namespace drogon

lib/src/HttpClientImpl.cc

@@ -36,6 +36,7 @@ void HttpClientImpl::createTcpClient()
     LOG_TRACE << "New TcpClient," << serverAddr_.toIpPort();
     tcpClientPtr_ =
         std::make_shared<trantor::TcpClient>(loop_, serverAddr_, "httpClient");
+    Version version = targetHttpVersion_.value_or(Version::kHttp2);
 
     if (useSSL_ && utils::supportsTls())
     {
@@ -48,6 +49,8 @@ void HttpClientImpl::createTcpClient()
             .setConfCmds(sslConfCmds_)
             .setCertPath(clientCertPath_)
             .setKeyPath(clientKeyPath_);
+        if (version == Version::kHttp2)
+            policy->setAlpnProtocols({"h2", "http/1.1"});
         tcpClientPtr_->enableSSL(std::move(policy));
     }
 
@@ -60,55 +63,118 @@ void HttpClientImpl::createTcpClient()
         if (thisPtr->sockOptCallback_)
             thisPtr->sockOptCallback_(fd);
     });
-    tcpClientPtr_->setConnectionCallback(
-        [weakPtr](const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &connPtr) {
-            auto thisPtr = weakPtr.lock();
-            if (!thisPtr)
-                return;
-            if (connPtr->connected())
+    tcpClientPtr_->setConnectionCallback([weakPtr](
+                                             const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr
+                                                 &connPtr) {
+        auto thisPtr = weakPtr.lock();
+        if (!thisPtr)
+            return;
+        if (connPtr->connected())
+        {
+            // send request;
+            LOG_TRACE << "Connection established!";
+
+            auto protocol = connPtr->applicationProtocol();
+            if (protocol == "http/1.1")
             {
-                connPtr->setContext(
-                    std::make_shared<HttpResponseParser>(connPtr));
-                // send request;
-                LOG_TRACE << "Connection established!";
-                while (thisPtr->pipeliningCallbacks_.size() <=
-                           thisPtr->pipeliningDepth_ &&
-                       !thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.empty())
-                {
-                    thisPtr->sendReq(connPtr,
-                                     thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.front().first);
-                    thisPtr->pipeliningCallbacks_.push(
-                        std::move(thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.front()));
-                    thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.pop_front();
-                }
+                LOG_TRACE << "Select http/1.1 protocol";
+                thisPtr->transport_ =
+                    std::make_unique<Http1xTransport>(connPtr,
+                                                      Version::kHttp11,
+                                                      &thisPtr->bytesSent_,
+                                                      &thisPtr->bytesReceived_);
+                thisPtr->httpVersion_ = Version::kHttp11;
+            }
+            else if (protocol == "h2")
+            {
+                LOG_TRACE << "Select http/2 protocol";
+                thisPtr->transport_ =
+                    std::make_unique<Http2Transport>(connPtr,
+                                                     &thisPtr->bytesSent_,
+                                                     &thisPtr->bytesReceived_);
+                thisPtr->httpVersion_ = Version::kHttp2;
+            }
+            else if (protocol.empty())
+            {
+                // Either we are not using TLS or the server does not support
+                // ALPN. Use HTTP/1.1 if not specified otherwise.
+                bool force1_0 = thisPtr->targetHttpVersion_.value_or(
+                                    Version::kUnknown) == Version::kHttp10;
+                auto version = force1_0 ? Version::kHttp10 : Version::kHttp11;
+                thisPtr->httpVersion_ = version;
+                thisPtr->transport_ =
+                    std::make_unique<Http1xTransport>(connPtr,
+                                                      version,
+                                                      &thisPtr->bytesSent_,
+                                                      &thisPtr->bytesReceived_);
             }
             else
             {
-                LOG_TRACE << "connection disconnect";
-                auto responseParser = connPtr->getContext<HttpResponseParser>();
-                if (responseParser && responseParser->parseResponseOnClose() &&
-                    responseParser->gotAll())
-                {
-                    auto &firstReq = thisPtr->pipeliningCallbacks_.front();
-                    if (firstReq.first->method() == Head)
-                    {
-                        responseParser->setForHeadMethod();
-                    }
-                    auto resp = responseParser->responseImpl();
-                    responseParser->reset();
-                    // temporary fix of dead tcpClientPtr_
-                    // TODO: fix HttpResponseParser when content-length absence
-                    thisPtr->tcpClientPtr_.reset();
-                    thisPtr->handleResponse(resp, std::move(firstReq), connPtr);
-                    if (!thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.empty())
-                    {
-                        thisPtr->createTcpClient();
-                    }
-                    return;
-                }
-                thisPtr->onError(ReqResult::NetworkFailure);
+                LOG_ERROR << "Unknown protocol " << protocol
+                          << " selected by server for HTTP";
+                thisPtr->onError(ReqResult::BadResponse);
+                return;
             }
-        });
+
+            assert(thisPtr->httpVersion_.has_value());
+            assert(thisPtr->transport_);
+            thisPtr->transport_->setRespCallback(
+                [weakPtr](const HttpResponseImplPtr &resp,
+                          std::pair<HttpRequestPtr, HttpReqCallback> &&reqAndCb,
+                          const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &connPtr) {
+                    auto thisPtr = weakPtr.lock();
+                    if (!thisPtr)
+                        return;
+                    thisPtr->handleResponse(resp, std::move(reqAndCb), connPtr);
+                });
+            thisPtr->transport_->setErrorCallback([weakPtr](ReqResult result) {
+                auto thisPtr = weakPtr.lock();
+                if (!thisPtr)
+                    return;
+                thisPtr->onError(result);
+            });
+
+            size_t maxSendReq = (*(thisPtr->httpVersion_) == Version::kHttp2)
+                                    ? size_t{0xfffffff}
+                                    : thisPtr->pipeliningDepth_;
+            if (maxSendReq == 0)
+                maxSendReq = 1;
+            while (!thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.empty() &&
+                   thisPtr->transport_->requestsInFlight() < maxSendReq)
+            {
+                auto &reqAndCb = thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.front();
+                thisPtr->transport_->sendRequestInLoop(reqAndCb.first,
+                                                       std::move(
+                                                           reqAndCb.second));
+                thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.pop_front();
+            }
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            LOG_TRACE << "connection disconnect";
+            // TODO: Make sure the sequence of handling is correct
+            bool isUnexpected = false;
+            if (thisPtr->transport_)
+            {
+                isUnexpected = thisPtr->transport_->handleConnectionClose();
+            }
+            if (isUnexpected)
+            {
+                thisPtr->onError(ReqResult::NetworkFailure);
+                return;
+            }
+
+            // temporary fix of dead tcpClientPtr_
+            // TODO: fix HttpResponseParser when content-length absence
+            // TODO: HTTP/2 transport also relies on this behavior to reconnect
+            //   when running out of stream IDs
+            thisPtr->tcpClientPtr_.reset();
+            if (!thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.empty())
+            {
+                thisPtr->createTcpClient();
+            }
+        }
+    });
     tcpClientPtr_->setConnectionErrorCallback([weakPtr]() {
         auto thisPtr = weakPtr.lock();
         if (!thisPtr)
@@ -148,20 +214,26 @@ HttpClientImpl::HttpClientImpl(trantor::EventLoop *loop,
                                const trantor::InetAddress &addr,
                                bool useSSL,
                                bool useOldTLS,
-                               bool validateCert)
+                               bool validateCert,
+                               std::optional<Version> targetVersion)
     : loop_(loop),
       serverAddr_(addr),
       useSSL_(useSSL),
       validateCert_(validateCert),
-      useOldTLS_(useOldTLS)
+      useOldTLS_(useOldTLS),
+      targetHttpVersion_(targetVersion)
 {
 }
 
 HttpClientImpl::HttpClientImpl(trantor::EventLoop *loop,
                                const std::string &hostString,
                                bool useOldTLS,
-                               bool validateCert)
-    : loop_(loop), validateCert_(validateCert), useOldTLS_(useOldTLS)
+                               bool validateCert,
+                               std::optional<Version> targetVersion)
+    : loop_(loop),
+      validateCert_(validateCert),
+      useOldTLS_(useOldTLS),
+      targetHttpVersion_(targetVersion)
 {
     auto lowerHost = hostString;
     std::transform(lowerHost.begin(),
@@ -319,35 +391,35 @@ void HttpClientImpl::sendRequestInLoop(const HttpRequestPtr &req,
                                                 shared_from_this(),
                                                 req);
 
-    loop_->runAfter(
-        timeout,
-        [weakCallbackBackPtr =
-             std::weak_ptr<RequestCallbackParams>(callbackParamsPtr)] {
-            auto callbackParamsPtr = weakCallbackBackPtr.lock();
-            if (callbackParamsPtr != nullptr)
-            {
-                auto &thisPtr = callbackParamsPtr->clientPtr;
-                if (callbackParamsPtr->timeoutFlag)
-                {
-                    return;
-                }
+    // TODO: Cancel the timer when the request is finished.
+    loop_->runAfter(timeout,
+                    [weakCallbackBackPtr = std::weak_ptr<RequestCallbackParams>(
+                         callbackParamsPtr)] {
+                        auto callbackParamsPtr = weakCallbackBackPtr.lock();
+                        if (callbackParamsPtr == nullptr)
+                            return;
+                        auto &thisPtr = callbackParamsPtr->clientPtr;
+                        if (callbackParamsPtr->timeoutFlag)
+                        {
+                            return;
+                        }
 
-                callbackParamsPtr->timeoutFlag = true;
+                        callbackParamsPtr->timeoutFlag = true;
 
-                for (auto iter = thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.begin();
-                     iter != thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.end();
-                     ++iter)
-                {
-                    if (iter->first == callbackParamsPtr->requestPtr)
-                    {
-                        thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.erase(iter);
-                        break;
-                    }
-                }
+                        for (auto iter = thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.begin();
+                             iter != thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.end();
+                             ++iter)
+                        {
+                            if (iter->first == callbackParamsPtr->requestPtr)
+                            {
+                                thisPtr->requestsBuffer_.erase(iter);
+                                break;
+                            }
+                        }
 
-                (callbackParamsPtr->callback)(ReqResult::Timeout, nullptr);
-            }
-        });
+                        (callbackParamsPtr->callback)(ReqResult::Timeout,
+                                                      nullptr);
+                    });
     sendRequestInLoop(req,
                       [callbackParamsPtr](ReqResult r,
                                           const HttpResponsePtr &resp) {
@@ -355,6 +427,7 @@ void HttpClientImpl::sendRequestInLoop(const HttpRequestPtr &req,
                           {
                               return;
                           }
+
                           callbackParamsPtr->timeoutFlag = true;
                           (callbackParamsPtr->callback)(r, resp);
                       });
@@ -422,10 +495,11 @@ void HttpClientImpl::sendRequestInLoop(const drogon::HttpRequestPtr &req,
         requestsBuffer_.push_back(
             {req,
              [thisPtr = shared_from_this(),
-              callbackPtr](ReqResult result, const HttpResponsePtr &response) {
+              callbackPtr =
+                  std::move(callbackPtr)](ReqResult result,
+                                          const HttpResponsePtr &response) {
                  (*callbackPtr)(result, response);
              }});
-
         if (domain_.empty() || !isDomainName_)
         {
             // Valid ip address, no domain, connect directly
@@ -436,8 +510,7 @@ void HttpClientImpl::sendRequestInLoop(const drogon::HttpRequestPtr &req,
             // No ip address and no domain, respond with BadServerAddress
             else
             {
-                requestsBuffer_.pop_front();
-                (*callbackPtr)(ReqResult::BadServerAddress, nullptr);
+                callback(ReqResult::BadServerAddress, nullptr);
                 assert(requestsBuffer_.empty());
             }
             return;
@@ -504,19 +577,18 @@ void HttpClientImpl::sendRequestInLoop(const drogon::HttpRequestPtr &req,
              }});
         return;
     }
+    assert(transport_ != nullptr);
+    assert(httpVersion_.has_value());
+
+    size_t maxSendReq = (*httpVersion_ == Version::kHttp2) ? size_t{0xfffffffff}
+                                                           : pipeliningDepth_;
+    if (maxSendReq == 0)
+        maxSendReq = 1;
 
     // Connected, send request now
-    if (pipeliningCallbacks_.size() <= pipeliningDepth_ &&
-        requestsBuffer_.empty())
+    if (transport_->requestsInFlight() <= maxSendReq && requestsBuffer_.empty())
     {
-        sendReq(connPtr, req);
-        pipeliningCallbacks_.push(
-            {req,
-             [thisPtr,
-              callback = std::move(callback)](ReqResult result,
-                                              const HttpResponsePtr &response) {
-                 callback(result, response);
-             }});
+        transport_->sendRequestInLoop(req, std::move(callback));
     }
     else
     {
@@ -530,25 +602,11 @@ void HttpClientImpl::sendRequestInLoop(const drogon::HttpRequestPtr &req,
     }
 }
 
-void HttpClientImpl::sendReq(const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &connPtr,
-                             const HttpRequestPtr &req)
-{
-    trantor::MsgBuffer buffer;
-    assert(req);
-    auto implPtr = static_cast<HttpRequestImpl *>(req.get());
-    implPtr->appendToBuffer(&buffer);
-    LOG_TRACE << "Send request:"
-              << std::string(buffer.peek(), buffer.readableBytes());
-    bytesSent_ += buffer.readableBytes();
-    connPtr->send(std::move(buffer));
-}
-
 void HttpClientImpl::handleResponse(
     const HttpResponseImplPtr &resp,
     std::pair<HttpRequestPtr, HttpReqCallback> &&reqAndCb,
     const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &connPtr)
 {
-    assert(!pipeliningCallbacks_.empty());
     auto &type = resp->getHeaderBy("content-type");
     auto &coding = resp->getHeaderBy("content-encoding");
     if (coding == "gzip")
@@ -565,8 +623,8 @@ void HttpClientImpl::handleResponse(
     {
         resp->parseJson();
     }
+    resp->setPeerCertificate(connPtr->peerCertificate());
     auto cb = std::move(reqAndCb);
-    pipeliningCallbacks_.pop();
     handleCookies(resp);
     cb.second(ReqResult::Ok, resp);
 
@@ -579,13 +637,16 @@ void HttpClientImpl::handleResponse(
         if (!requestsBuffer_.empty())
         {
             auto &reqAndCallback = requestsBuffer_.front();
-            sendReq(connPtr, reqAndCallback.first);
-            pipeliningCallbacks_.push(std::move(reqAndCallback));
+            transport_->sendRequestInLoop(reqAndCallback.first,
+                                          std::move(reqAndCallback.second));
             requestsBuffer_.pop_front();
         }
         else
         {
-            if (resp->ifCloseConnection() && pipeliningCallbacks_.empty())
+            assert(httpVersion_.has_value());
+            if (resp->ifCloseConnection() &&
+                transport_->requestsInFlight() == 0 &&
+                *httpVersion_ != Version::kHttp2)
             {
                 tcpClientPtr_.reset();
             }
@@ -593,56 +654,15 @@ void HttpClientImpl::handleResponse(
     }
     else
     {
-        while (!pipeliningCallbacks_.empty())
-        {
-            auto cb = std::move(pipeliningCallbacks_.front());
-            pipeliningCallbacks_.pop();
-            cb.second(ReqResult::NetworkFailure, nullptr);
-        }
+        transport_->onError(ReqResult::NetworkFailure);
     }
 }
 
 void HttpClientImpl::onRecvMessage(const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &connPtr,
                                    trantor::MsgBuffer *msg)
 {
-    auto responseParser = connPtr->getContext<HttpResponseParser>();
-
-    // LOG_TRACE << "###:" << msg->readableBytes();
-    auto msgSize = msg->readableBytes();
-    while (msg->readableBytes() > 0)
-    {
-        if (pipeliningCallbacks_.empty())
-        {
-            LOG_ERROR << "More responses than expected!";
-            connPtr->shutdown();
-            return;
-        }
-        auto &firstReq = pipeliningCallbacks_.front();
-        if (firstReq.first->method() == Head)
-        {
-            responseParser->setForHeadMethod();
-        }
-        if (!responseParser->parseResponse(msg))
-        {
-            onError(ReqResult::BadResponse);
-            bytesReceived_ += (msgSize - msg->readableBytes());
-            return;
-        }
-        if (responseParser->gotAll())
-        {
-            auto resp = responseParser->responseImpl();
-            resp->setPeerCertificate(connPtr->peerCertificate());
-            responseParser->reset();
-            bytesReceived_ += (msgSize - msg->readableBytes());
-            msgSize = msg->readableBytes();
-            handleResponse(resp, std::move(firstReq), connPtr);
-        }
-        else
-        {
-            bytesReceived_ += (msgSize - msg->readableBytes());
-            break;
-        }
-    }
+    assert(transport_ != nullptr);
+    transport_->onRecvMessage(connPtr, msg);
 }
 
 HttpClientPtr HttpClient::newHttpClient(const std::string &ip,
@@ -650,7 +670,8 @@ HttpClientPtr HttpClient::newHttpClient(const std::string &ip,
                                         bool useSSL,
                                         trantor::EventLoop *loop,
                                         bool useOldTLS,
-                                        bool validateCert)
+                                        bool validateCert,
+                                        std::optional<Version> targetVersion)
 {
     bool isIpv6 = ip.find(':') == std::string::npos ? false : true;
     return std::make_shared<HttpClientImpl>(
@@ -658,29 +679,28 @@ HttpClientPtr HttpClient::newHttpClient(const std::string &ip,
         trantor::InetAddress(ip, port, isIpv6),
         useSSL,
         useOldTLS,
-        validateCert);
+        validateCert,
+        targetVersion);
 }
 
 HttpClientPtr HttpClient::newHttpClient(const std::string &hostString,
                                         trantor::EventLoop *loop,
                                         bool useOldTLS,
-                                        bool validateCert)
+                                        bool validateCert,
+                                        std::optional<Version> targetVersion)
 {
     return std::make_shared<HttpClientImpl>(
         loop == nullptr ? HttpAppFrameworkImpl::instance().getLoop() : loop,
         hostString,
         useOldTLS,
-        validateCert);
+        validateCert,
+        targetVersion);
 }
 
 void HttpClientImpl::onError(ReqResult result)
 {
-    while (!pipeliningCallbacks_.empty())
-    {
-        auto cb = std::move(pipeliningCallbacks_.front());
-        pipeliningCallbacks_.pop();
-        cb.second(result, nullptr);
-    }
+    if (transport_)
+        transport_->onError(result);
     while (!requestsBuffer_.empty())
     {
         auto cb = std::move(requestsBuffer_.front().second);

lib/src/HttpClientImpl.h

@@ -24,9 +24,13 @@
 #include <queue>
 #include <vector>
 #include "impl_forwards.h"
+#include "Http2Transport.h"
+#include "HttpTransport.h"
+#include "Http1xTransport.h"
 
 namespace drogon
 {
+
 class HttpClientImpl final : public HttpClient,
                              public std::enable_shared_from_this<HttpClientImpl>
 {
@@ -35,11 +39,13 @@ class HttpClientImpl final : public HttpClient,
                    const trantor::InetAddress &addr,
                    bool useSSL = false,
                    bool useOldTLS = false,
-                   bool validateCert = true);
+                   bool validateCert = true,
+                   std::optional<Version> httpVersion = std::nullopt);
     HttpClientImpl(trantor::EventLoop *loop,
                    const std::string &hostString,
                    bool useOldTLS = false,
-                   bool validateCert = true);
+                   bool validateCert = true,
+                   std::optional<Version> httpVersion = std::nullopt);
     void sendRequest(const HttpRequestPtr &req,
                      const HttpReqCallback &callback,
                      double timeout = 0) override;
@@ -115,14 +121,17 @@ class HttpClientImpl final : public HttpClient,
         sockOptCallback_ = std::move(cb);
     }
 
+    std::optional<Version> protocolVersion() const override
+    {
+        return httpVersion_;
+    }
+
   private:
     std::shared_ptr<trantor::TcpClient> tcpClientPtr_;
     trantor::EventLoop *loop_;
     trantor::InetAddress serverAddr_;
     bool useSSL_;
     bool validateCert_;
-    void sendReq(const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &connPtr,
-                 const HttpRequestPtr &req);
     void sendRequestInLoop(const HttpRequestPtr &req,
                            HttpReqCallback &&callback);
     void sendRequestInLoop(const HttpRequestPtr &req,
@@ -133,7 +142,6 @@ class HttpClientImpl final : public HttpClient,
                         std::pair<HttpRequestPtr, HttpReqCallback> &&reqAndCb,
                         const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &connPtr);
     void createTcpClient();
-    std::queue<std::pair<HttpRequestPtr, HttpReqCallback>> pipeliningCallbacks_;
     std::list<std::pair<HttpRequestPtr, HttpReqCallback>> requestsBuffer_;
     void onRecvMessage(const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &, trantor::MsgBuffer *);
     void onError(ReqResult result);
@@ -152,6 +160,9 @@ class HttpClientImpl final : public HttpClient,
     std::string clientCertPath_;
     std::string clientKeyPath_;
     std::function<void(int)> sockOptCallback_;
+    std::unique_ptr<HttpTransport> transport_;
+    std::optional<Version> targetHttpVersion_;
+    std::optional<Version> httpVersion_;
 };
 
 using HttpClientImplPtr = std::shared_ptr<HttpClientImpl>;

lib/src/HttpFileUploadRequest.cc

@@ -16,6 +16,8 @@
 #include <drogon/UploadFile.h>
 #include <drogon/utils/Utilities.h>
 
+#include <fstream>
+
 using namespace drogon;
 
 HttpFileUploadRequest::HttpFileUploadRequest(
@@ -25,7 +27,74 @@ HttpFileUploadRequest::HttpFileUploadRequest(
       files_(files)
 {
     setMethod(drogon::Post);
-    setVersion(drogon::Version::kHttp11);
     setContentType("multipart/form-data; boundary=" + boundary_);
     contentType_ = CT_MULTIPART_FORM_DATA;
 }
+
+template <typename T>
+void renderMultipart(const HttpFileUploadRequest *mPtr, T &content)
+{
+    auto &boundary = mPtr->boundary();
+    for (auto &param : mPtr->getParameters())
+    {
+        content.append("--");
+        content.append(boundary);
+        content.append("\r\n");
+        content.append("content-disposition: form-data; name=\"");
+        content.append(param.first);
+        content.append("\"\r\n\r\n");
+        content.append(param.second);
+        content.append("\r\n");
+    }
+    for (auto &file : mPtr->files())
+    {
+        content.append("--");
+        content.append(boundary);
+        content.append("\r\n");
+        content.append("content-disposition: form-data; name=\"");
+        content.append(file.itemName());
+        content.append("\"; filename=\"");
+        content.append(file.fileName());
+        content.append("\"");
+        if (file.contentType() != CT_NONE)
+        {
+            content.append("\r\n");
+
+            auto &type = contentTypeToMime(file.contentType());
+            content.append("content-type: ");
+            content.append(type.data(), type.length());
+        }
+        content.append("\r\n\r\n");
+        std::ifstream infile(utils::toNativePath(file.path()),
+                             std::ifstream::binary);
+        if (!infile)
+        {
+            LOG_ERROR << file.path() << " not found";
+        }
+        else
+        {
+            std::streambuf *pbuf = infile.rdbuf();
+            std::streamsize filesize = pbuf->pubseekoff(0, infile.end);
+            pbuf->pubseekoff(0, infile.beg);  // rewind
+            std::string str;
+            str.resize(filesize);
+            pbuf->sgetn(&str[0], filesize);
+            content.append(std::move(str));
+        }
+        content.append("\r\n");
+    }
+    content.append("--");
+    content.append(boundary);
+    content.append("--");
+}
+
+void HttpFileUploadRequest::renderMultipartFormData(
+    trantor::MsgBuffer &buffer) const
+{
+    renderMultipart(this, buffer);
+}
+
+void HttpFileUploadRequest::renderMultipartFormData(std::string &buffer) const
+{
+    renderMultipart(this, buffer);
+}

lib/src/HttpFileUploadRequest.h

@@ -34,6 +34,9 @@ class HttpFileUploadRequest : public HttpRequestImpl
 
     explicit HttpFileUploadRequest(const std::vector<UploadFile> &files);
 
+    void renderMultipartFormData(trantor::MsgBuffer &buffer) const;
+    void renderMultipartFormData(std::string &buffer) const;
+
   private:
     std::string boundary_;
     std::vector<UploadFile> files_;

lib/src/HttpRequestImpl.cc

@@ -182,7 +182,8 @@ void HttpRequestImpl::parseParameters() const
     }
 }
 
-void HttpRequestImpl::appendToBuffer(trantor::MsgBuffer *output) const
+void HttpRequestImpl::appendToBuffer(trantor::MsgBuffer *output,
+                                     Version protoVer) const
 {
     switch (method_)
     {
@@ -266,11 +267,11 @@ void HttpRequestImpl::appendToBuffer(trantor::MsgBuffer *output) const
     }
 
     output->append(" ");
-    if (version_ == Version::kHttp11)
+    if (protoVer == Version::kHttp11)
     {
         output->append("HTTP/1.1");
     }
-    else if (version_ == Version::kHttp10)
+    else if (protoVer == Version::kHttp10)
     {
         output->append("HTTP/1.0");
     }
@@ -285,57 +286,7 @@ void HttpRequestImpl::appendToBuffer(trantor::MsgBuffer *output) const
         auto mReq = dynamic_cast<const HttpFileUploadRequest *>(this);
         if (mReq)
         {
-            for (auto &param : mReq->getParameters())
-            {
-                content.append("--");
-                content.append(mReq->boundary());
-                content.append("\r\n");
-                content.append("content-disposition: form-data; name=\"");
-                content.append(param.first);
-                content.append("\"\r\n\r\n");
-                content.append(param.second);
-                content.append("\r\n");
-            }
-            for (auto &file : mReq->files())
-            {
-                content.append("--");
-                content.append(mReq->boundary());
-                content.append("\r\n");
-                content.append("content-disposition: form-data; name=\"");
-                content.append(file.itemName());
-                content.append("\"; filename=\"");
-                content.append(file.fileName());
-                content.append("\"");
-                if (file.contentType() != CT_NONE)
-                {
-                    content.append("\r\n");
-
-                    auto &type = contentTypeToMime(file.contentType());
-                    content.append("content-type: ");
-                    content.append(type.data(), type.length());
-                }
-                content.append("\r\n\r\n");
-                std::ifstream infile(utils::toNativePath(file.path()),
-                                     std::ifstream::binary);
-                if (!infile)
-                {
-                    LOG_ERROR << file.path() << " not found";
-                }
-                else
-                {
-                    std::streambuf *pbuf = infile.rdbuf();
-                    std::streamsize filesize = pbuf->pubseekoff(0, infile.end);
-                    pbuf->pubseekoff(0, infile.beg);  // rewind
-                    std::string str;
-                    str.resize(filesize);
-                    pbuf->sgetn(&str[0], filesize);
-                    content.append(std::move(str));
-                }
-                content.append("\r\n");
-            }
-            content.append("--");
-            content.append(mReq->boundary());
-            content.append("--");
+            mReq->renderMultipartFormData(content);
         }
     }
     assert(!(!content.empty() && !content_.empty()));
@@ -506,7 +457,6 @@ HttpRequestPtr HttpRequest::newHttpRequest()
 {
     auto req = std::make_shared<HttpRequestImpl>(nullptr);
     req->setMethod(drogon::Get);
-    req->setVersion(drogon::Version::kHttp11);
     return req;
 }
 
@@ -514,7 +464,6 @@ HttpRequestPtr HttpRequest::newHttpFormPostRequest()
 {
     auto req = std::make_shared<HttpRequestImpl>(nullptr);
     req->setMethod(drogon::Post);
-    req->setVersion(drogon::Version::kHttp11);
     req->contentType_ = CT_APPLICATION_X_FORM;
     req->flagForParsingContentType_ = true;
     return req;
@@ -540,7 +489,6 @@ HttpRequestPtr HttpRequest::newHttpJsonRequest(const Json::Value &data)
     });
     auto req = std::make_shared<HttpRequestImpl>(nullptr);
     req->setMethod(drogon::Get);
-    req->setVersion(drogon::Version::kHttp11);
     req->contentType_ = CT_APPLICATION_JSON;
     req->setContent(writeString(builder, data));
     req->flagForParsingContentType_ = true;
@@ -599,6 +547,10 @@ const char *HttpRequestImpl::versionString() const
             result = "HTTP/1.1";
             break;
 
+        case Version::kHttp2:
+            result = "HTTP/2";
+            break;
+
         default:
             break;
     }

lib/src/HttpRequestImpl.h

@@ -410,7 +410,7 @@ class HttpRequestImpl : public HttpRequest
         return passThrough_;
     }
 
-    void appendToBuffer(trantor::MsgBuffer *output) const;
+    void appendToBuffer(trantor::MsgBuffer *output, Version protoVer) const;
 
     const SessionPtr &session() const override
     {

lib/src/HttpResponseImpl.cc

@@ -97,6 +97,9 @@ const char *HttpResponseImpl::versionString() const
         case Version::kHttp11:
             result = "HTTP/1.1";
             break;
+        case Version::kHttp2:
+            result = "HTTP/2";
+            break;
 
         default:
             break;

lib/src/HttpTransport.h

@@ -0,0 +1,51 @@
+#pragma once
+
+#include "HttpRequestImpl.h"
+#include "HttpResponseImpl.h"
+#include <drogon/drogon_callbacks.h>
+
+#include <trantor/net/TcpConnection.h>
+#include <trantor/utils/NonCopyable.h>
+
+namespace drogon
+{
+
+class HttpTransport : public trantor::NonCopyable
+{
+  public:
+    HttpTransport() = default;
+    virtual ~HttpTransport() = default;
+    virtual void sendRequestInLoop(const HttpRequestPtr &req,
+                                   HttpReqCallback &&callback) = 0;
+    virtual void onRecvMessage(const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &,
+                               trantor::MsgBuffer *) = 0;
+    virtual bool handleConnectionClose() = 0;
+
+    // XXX: Footgun: This MUST be called by the HttpClient. DO NOT
+    // call this within Transport. Client needs to know that error
+    // happened. When in doubt, call error callback.
+    virtual void onError(ReqResult result) = 0;
+
+    virtual size_t requestsInFlight() const = 0;
+
+    using RespCallback =
+        std::function<void(const HttpResponseImplPtr &,
+                           std::pair<HttpRequestPtr, HttpReqCallback> &&,
+                           const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr)>;
+    using ErrorCallback = std::function<void(ReqResult)>;
+
+    void setRespCallback(RespCallback cb)
+    {
+        respCallback = std::move(cb);
+    }
+
+    void setErrorCallback(ErrorCallback cb)
+    {
+        errorCallback = std::move(cb);
+    }
+
+    RespCallback respCallback;
+    ErrorCallback errorCallback;
+};
+
+}  // namespace drogon

lib/src/WebSocketClientImpl.cc

@@ -427,7 +427,7 @@ void WebSocketClientImpl::sendReq(const trantor::TcpConnectionPtr &connPtr)
     trantor::MsgBuffer buffer;
     assert(upgradeRequest_);
     auto implPtr = static_cast<HttpRequestImpl *>(upgradeRequest_.get());
-    implPtr->appendToBuffer(&buffer);
+    implPtr->appendToBuffer(&buffer, Version::kHttp11);
     LOG_TRACE << "Send request:"
               << std::string(buffer.peek(), buffer.readableBytes());
     connPtr->send(std::move(buffer));

lib/tests/integration_test/client/main.cc

@@ -1162,6 +1162,9 @@ void doTest(const HttpClientPtr &client, std::shared_ptr<test::Case> TEST_CTX)
             FAIL("Unexpected exception, what(): " + std::string(e.what()));
         }
 
+        // Had to be put here else there's a chance that the client hasn't
+        // negotiated the protocol yet
+        CHECK(client->protocolVersion() == Version::kHttp11);
         // Test coroutine middleware
         try
         {

lib/tests/integration_test/server/a-directory/page.html

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ void TestCtrl::asyncHandleHttpRequest(const HttpRequestPtr& req,
 }
 ```</p>
 
-<p><strong>Most of the above programs can be automatically generated by the command line tool <code>drogon_ctl</code> provided by drogon</strong> (The cammand is <code>drogon_ctl create controller TestCtrl</code>). All the user needs to do is add their own business logic. In the example, the controller returns a <code>Hello, world!</code> string when the client accesses the <code>http://ip/test</code> URL.</p>
+<p><strong>Most of the above programs can be automatically generated by the command line tool <code>drogon_ctl</code> provided by drogon</strong> (The command <code>drogon_ctl create controller TestCtrl</code>). All the user needs to do is add their own business logic. In the example, the controller returns a <code>Hello, world!</code> string when the client accesses the <code>http://ip/test</code> URL.</p>
 
 <p>For JSON format response, we create the controller as follows:</p>
 

lib/tests/integration_test/server/index.html

@@ -115,7 +115,7 @@ void TestCtrl::asyncHandleHttpRequest(const HttpRequestPtr& req,
 }
 ```</p>
 
-<p><strong>Most of the above programs can be automatically generated by the command line tool <code>drogon_ctl</code> provided by drogon</strong> (The cammand is <code>drogon_ctl create controller TestCtrl</code>). All the user needs to do is add their own business logic. In the example, the controller returns a <code>Hello, world!</code> string when the client accesses the <code>http://ip/test</code> URL.</p>
+<p><strong>Most of the above programs can be automatically generated by the command line tool <code>drogon_ctl</code> provided by drogon</strong> (The command is <code>drogon_ctl create controller TestCtrl</code>). All the user needs to do is add their own business logic. In the example, the controller returns a <code>Hello, world!</code> string when the client accesses the <code>http://ip/test</code> URL.</p>
 
 <p>For JSON format response, we create the controller as follows:</p>
 

third_party/eric-hpack-core

@@ -0,0 +1 @@
+Subproject commit 08c890dfd1807e3ea079af9eaf62191e3450b0ea