QGIS/resources/context_help/QgsDelimitedTextSourceSelect-en_US

<h3>Delimited Text File Layer</h3>
Loads and displays delimited text files
<p>
<a href="#re">Overview</a><br/>
<a href="#creating">Creating a delimited text layer</a><br/>
<a href="#csv">How the delimiter, quote, and escape characters work</a><br />
<a href="#regexp">How regular expression delimiters work</a><br />
<a href="#wkt">How WKT text is interpreted</a><br />
<a href="#example">Example of a text file with X,Y point coordinates</a><br/>
<a href="#wkt_example">Example of a text file with WKT geometries</a><br/>
<a href="#notes">Notes</a><br/>
</p>

<h4><a name="re">Overview</a></h4>
<p>A &quot;delimited text file&quot; contains data in which each record starts on a new line, and 
is split into fields by a delimiter such as a comma.  
This type of file is commonly exported from spreadsheets (for example CSV files) or databases.  
Typically the first line of a delimited text file contains the names of the fields.  
</p>
<p>
Delimited text files can be loaded into QGIS as a layer. 
The records can be displayed spatially either as a point
defined by X and Y coordinates, or using a Well Known Text (WKT) definition of a geometry which may
describe points, lines, and polygons of arbitrary complexity.  The file can also be loaded as an attribute
only table, which can then be joined to other tables in QGis.
</p>
<p>
In addition to the geometry definition the file can contain text, integer, and real number fields.  QGis
will choose the type of field based on its contents. 
</p>
<h4><a name="creating">Creating a delimited text layer</a></h4>
<p>Creating a delimited text layer involves choosing the data file, defining the format (how each record is to
be split into fields), and defining the geometry is represented.  
This is managed with the delimited text dialog as detailed below.  
The dialog box displays a sample from the beginning of the file which shows how the format
options have been applied.
</p>
<h5>Choosing the data file</h5>
<p>Use the &quot;Browse...&quot; button to select the data file.  Once the file is selected the
layer name will automatically be populated based on the file name.  The layer name is used to represent
the data in the QGis legend.  
</p>
<p>
By default files are assumed to be encoded as UTF-8.  However other file
encodings can be selected.  For example &quot;System&quot; uses the default encoding for the operating system.  
If you are expecting to move the QGis project then it is safer to use a specific encoding.
</p>
<h5>Specifying the file format</h5>
<p>The file format can be one of
<ul>
    <li>CSV file format.  This is a format commonly used by spreadsheets, in which fields are delimited
    by a comma character, and quoted using a &quot;(quote) character.  Within quoted fields, a quote
    mark is entered as &quot;&quot;.</li>
    <li>Selected delimiters.  Each record is split into fields using one or more  delimiter character.
    Quote characters are used for fields which may contain delimiters.  Escape characters may be used 
    to treat the following character as a normal character (ie to include delimiter, quote, and 
    new line characters in text fields).  The use of delimiter, quote, and escape characters is detailed <a href="#csv">below</a>.
    <li>Regular expression.  Each line is split into fields using a &quot;regular expression&quot; delimiter.
    The use of regular expressions is details <a href="#regexp">below</a>.
</ul>
<h5>Record and field options</h5>
<p>The following options affect the selection of records and fields from the data file</p>
<ul>
    <li>Number of header lines to discard: used to skip over header lines at the beginning of the text file</li>
    <li>First record has fields names: if selected then the first record in the file (after the skipped lines) is interpreted as names of fields, rather than as a data record.</li>
    <li>Trim fields: if selected then leading and trailing whitespace characters will be removed from each field (except quoted fields). </li>
    <li>Discard empty fields: if selected then empty fields (after trimming) will be discard.  This 
    affects the alignment of data into fields and is equivalent to treating consecutive delimiters as a 
    single delimiter.  Quoted fields are never discarded.</li>
    <li>Decimal point is comma: if selected then commas in real numbers represent the decimal point.  For
    example &quot;-51,354&quot; is equivalent to -51.354.
    </li>
</ul>
<h5>Geometry definition</h5>
<p>The geometry is can be define as one of</p>
<ul>
    <li>Point coordinates: each feature is represented as a point defined by X and Y coordinates.</li>
    <li>Well known text (WKT) geometry: each feature is represented as a well known text string, for example
    &quot;POINT(1.525622 51.20836)&quot;.  See details of the <a href="#wkt">well known text</a> format.
    <li>No geometry (attribute only table): records will not be displayed on the map, but can be viewed
    in the attribute table and joined to other layers in QGis</li>
</ul>
<p>For point coordinates the following options apply:</p>
<ul>
    <li>X field: specifies the field containing the X coordinate</li>
    <li>Y field: specifies the field containing the Y coordinate</li>
    <li>DMS angles: if selected coordinates are represented as degrees/minutes/seconds
    or degrees/minutes.  QGis is quite permissive in its interpretation of degrees/minutes/seconds.
    A valid DMS coordinate will contain three numeric fields with an optional hemisphere prefix or suffix
    (N, E, or + are positive, S, W, or - are negative).  Additional non numeric characters are 
    generally discarded.  For example &quot;N41d54'01.54&quot;&quot; is a valid coordinate.
    </li>
</ul>
<p>For well known text geometry the following options apply:</p>
<ul>
    <li>Geometry field: the field containing the well known text definition.</li>
    <li>Geometry type: one of &quot;Detect&quot; (detect), &quot;Point&quot;, &quot;Line&quot;, or &quot;Polygon&quot;.
    QGis layers can only display one type of geometry feature (point, line, or polygon). This option selects
    which geometry type is displayed in text files containing multiple geometry types. Records containing
   other geometry types are discarded.   
    If &quot;Detect&quot; is selected then the type of the first geometry in the file will be used.
    &quot;Point&quot; includes POINT and MULTIPOINT WKT types, &quot;Line&quot; includes LINESTRING and
    MULTLINESTRING WKT types, and &quot;Polygon&quot; includes POLYGON and MULTIPOLYGON WKT types.
</ul>

<h4><a name="csv">How the delimiter, quote, and escape characters work</a></h4>
<p>Records are split into fields using three character sets: delimiter characters, quote characters, 
and escape characters.  Quote and escape characters cannot be the same as delimiter characters - they
will be ignored if they are. Escape characters can be the same as quote characters, but behave differently
if they are.</p>
<p>The delimiter characters are used to mark the end of each field.  If more than one delimiter character
is defined then any one of the characters can mark the end of a field.  The quote and escape characters 
can override the delimiter character, so that it is treated as a normal character.</p>
<p>Quote characters may be used to mark the beginning and end of quoted fields. Quoted fields can 
contain delimiters and may span multiple lines in the text file.  If a field is quoted then it must
start and end with the same quote character.  Quote characters cannot occur within a field unless they
are escaped.</p>
<p>Escape characters which are not quote characters force the following character to be treated normally 
(that is, to stop it being treated as a new line, delimiter, or quote character).  
</p>
<p>If a quote character is also an escape character, then it can be represented in a quoted field by 
entering it twice.  For example if ' is a quote character and an escape character, then the string 
'Smith''s&nbsp;Creek' will represent the value Smith's&nbsp;Creek.
</p>
<h4><a name="regexp">How regular expression delimiters work</a></h4>
<p>Regular expressions are mini-language used to represent character patterns.  There are many variations
of regular expression syntax - QGis uses the syntax provided by the <a href="http://qt-project.org/doc/qt-4.8/qregexp.html">QRegExp</a> class of the <a href="http://qt.digia.com">Qt</a> framework.</p>
<p>In a regular expression delimited file each line is treated as a record.  Each match of the regular expression in the line is treated as the end of a field.</p>

<h4><a name="wkt">How WKT text is interpreted</a></h4>
<p>
The delimited text layer recognizes the following 
<a href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Well-known_text">well known text</a> types - 
POINT, MULTIPOINT, LINESTRING, MULTILINESTRING, POLYGON, and MULTIPOLYGON.  It will accept geometries with
a Z coordinate (eg &quot;POINT&nbsp;Z&quot;), a measure (&quot;POINT&nbsp;M&quot;), or both (&quot;POINT&nbsp;ZM&quot;).
</p>
<p>
It can also handle the PostGIS EWKT variation, in which the geomtry is preceded by an spatial reference 
system id (eg &quot;SRID=4326;POINT(175.3&nbsp;41.2)&quot;), and a variant used by Informix in which the WKT is 
preceded by an integer spatial reference id (eg &quot;1 POINT(175.3&nbsp;41.2)&quot;).
In both cases the SRID is ignored.
</p>
<h4><a name="example">Example of a text file with X,Y point coordinates</a></h4> 
<pre>
X;Y;ELEV<br />
-300120;7689960;13<br />
-654360;7562040;52<br />
1640;7512840;3<br />
</pre>
<p>This file:</p>
<ul>
<li> Uses <b>;</b> as delimiter. Any character can be used to delimit the fields.</li>
<li>The first row is the header row. It contains the field names X, Y and ELEV.</li>
<li>No quotes (") are used to delimit text fields.</li>
<li>The x coordinates are contained in the X field.</li>
<li>The y coordinates are contained in the Y field.</li>
</ul>
<h4><a name="wkt_example">Example of a text file with WKT geometries</a></h4>
<pre>
id|wkt<br />
1|POINT(172.0702250 -43.6031036)<br />
2|POINT(172.0702250 -43.6031036)<br />
3|POINT(172.1543206 -43.5731302)<br />
4|POINT(171.9282585 -43.5493308)<br />
5|POINT(171.8827359 -43.5875983)<br />
</pre>
<p>This file:</p>
<ul>
  <li>Has two fields defined in the header row: id and wkt.
  <li>Uses <b>|</b> as a delimiter.</li>
  <li>Specifies each point using the WKT notation
</ul>