QGIS/doc/linux.t2t
jef feda582713 INSTALL fix
git-svn-id: http://svn.osgeo.org/qgis/trunk@15118 c8812cc2-4d05-0410-92ff-de0c093fc19c
2011-02-01 20:05:10 +00:00

497 lines
16 KiB
Plaintext

= Building on GNU/Linux =
== Building QGIS with Qt 4.x ==
**Requires:** Ubuntu / Debian derived distro
These notes are for Ubuntu - other versions and Debian derived distros may
require slight variations in package names.
These notes are for if you want to build QGIS from source. One of the major
aims here is to show how this can be done using binary packages for ***all***
dependencies - building only the core QGIS stuff from source. I prefer this
approach because it means we can leave the business of managing system packages
to apt and only concern ourselves with coding QGIS!
This document assumes you have made a fresh install and have a 'clean' system.
These instructions should work fine if this is a system that has already been
in use for a while, you may need to just skip those steps which are irrelevant
to you.
/!\ **Note:** Refer to the section ''Building Debian packages'' for building
debian packages. Unless you plan to develop on QGIS, that is probably the
easiest option to compile and install QGIS.
== Prepare apt ==
The packages qgis depends on to build are available in the "universe" component
of Ubuntu. This is not activated by default, so you need to activate it:
1. Edit your /etc/apt/sources.list file.
2. Uncomment the all the lines starting with "deb"
Also you will need to be running (K)Ubuntu 'edgy' or higher in order for
all dependencies to be met.
Now update your local sources database:
```
sudo apt-get update
```
== Install build dependencies ==
|| Distribution | install command for packages |
| hardy | ``apt-get install bison cmake fcgi-dev flex grass-dev libexpat1-dev libgdal1-dev libgeos-dev libgsl0-dev libpq-dev libqt4-core libqt4-dev libqt4-gui libqt4-sql libsqlite3-dev proj pyqt4-dev-tools python python-dev python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-sip4 python-sip4-dev sip4`` |
| intrepid | ``apt-get install bison cmake flex grass-dev libexpat1-dev libfcgi-dev libgdal1-dev libgeos-dev libgsl0-dev libpq-dev libqt4-core libqt4-dev libqt4-gui libqt4-sql libqwt5-qt4-dev libsqlite3-dev proj pyqt4-dev-tools python python-dev python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-sip4 python-sip4-dev sip4`` |
| jaunty | ``apt-get install bison cmake flex grass-dev libexpat1-dev libfcgi-dev libgdal1-dev libgeos-dev libgsl0-dev libpq-dev libqt4-core libqt4-dev libqt4-gui libqt4-sql libqwt5-qt4-dev libsqlite3-dev proj pyqt4-dev-tools python python-dev python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-sip4 python-sip4-dev sip4`` |
| karmic | ``apt-get install bison cmake flex grass-dev libexpat1-dev libfcgi-dev libgdal1-dev libgeos-dev libgsl0-dev libpq-dev libqt4-core libqt4-dev libqt4-gui libqt4-sql libqwt5-qt4-dev libsqlite3-dev proj pyqt4-dev-tools python python-dev python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-sip4 python-sip4-dev sip4`` |
| lenny | ``apt-get install bison cmake flex grass-dev libexpat1-dev libfcgi-dev libgdal1-dev libgeos-dev libgsl0-dev libpq-dev libqt4-dev libqwt5-qt4-dev libsqlite3-dev pkg-config proj pyqt4-dev-tools python python-dev python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-sip4-dev sip4`` |
| lucid | ``apt-get install bison cmake flex grass-dev libexpat1-dev libfcgi-dev libgdal1-dev libgeos-dev libgsl0-dev libpq-dev libproj-dev libqt4-dev libqwt5-qt4-dev libspatialite-dev libsqlite3-dev pkg-config pyqt4-dev-tools python python-dev python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-sip python-sip-dev`` |
| maverick | ``apt-get install bison cmake flex grass-dev libexpat1-dev libfcgi-dev libgdal1-dev libgeos-dev libgsl0-dev libpq-dev libproj-dev libqt4-dev libqtwebkit-dev libqwt5-qt4-dev libspatialite-dev libsqlite3-dev pkg-config pyqt4-dev-tools python python-dev python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-sip python-sip-dev`` |
| sid | ``apt-get install bison cmake flex grass-dev libexpat1-dev libfcgi-dev libgdal1-dev libgeos-dev libgsl0-dev libpq-dev libproj-dev libqt4-dev libqwt5-qt4-dev libspatialite-dev libsqlite3-dev pkg-config pyqt4-dev-tools python python-dev python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-sip python-sip-dev`` |
| squeeze | ``apt-get install bison cmake flex grass-dev libexpat1-dev libfcgi-dev libgdal1-dev libgeos-dev libgsl0-dev libpq-dev libproj-dev libqt4-dev libqwt5-qt4-dev libspatialite-dev libsqlite3-dev pkg-config pyqt4-dev-tools python python-dev python-qt4 python-qt4-dev python-sip python-sip-dev`` |
(extracted from the respective control files in ``debian/``)
/!\ **A Special Note:** If you are following this set of instructions on
a system where you already have Qt3 development tools installed, there will
be a conflict between Qt3 tools and Qt4 tools. For example, qmake will
point to the Qt3 version not the Qt4. Ubuntu Qt4 and Qt3 packages are
designed to live alongside each other. This means that for example if you
have them both installed you will have three qmake exe's:
```
/usr/bin/qmake -> /etc/alternatives/qmake
/usr/bin/qmake-qt3
/usr/bin/qmake-qt4
```
The same applies to all other Qt binaries. You will notice above that the
canonical 'qmake' is managed by apt alternatives, so before we start to
build QGIS, we need to make Qt4 the default. To return Qt3 to default later
you can use this same process.
You can use apt alternatives to correct this so that the Qt4 version of
applications is used in all cases:
```
sudo update-alternatives --config qmake
sudo update-alternatives --config uic
sudo update-alternatives --config designer
sudo update-alternatives --config assistant
sudo update-alternatives --config qtconfig
sudo update-alternatives --config moc
sudo update-alternatives --config lupdate
sudo update-alternatives --config lrelease
sudo update-alternatives --config linguist
```
Use the simple command line dialog that appears after running each of the
above commands to select the Qt4 version of the relevant applications.
/!\ **Note:** For python language bindings SIP >= 4.5 and PyQt4 >= 4.1 is required! Some stable GNU/Linux
distributions (e.g. Debian or SuSE) only provide SIP < 4.5 and PyQt4 < 4.1. To include support for python
language bindings you may need to build and install those packages from source.
== Setup ccache (Optional) ==
You should also setup ccache to speed up compile times:
```
cd /usr/local/bin
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ccache gcc
sudo ln -s /usr/bin/ccache g++
```
== Prepare your development environment ==
As a convention I do all my development work in $HOME/dev/<language>, so in
this case we will create a work environment for C++ development work like
this:
```
mkdir -p ${HOME}/dev/cpp
cd ${HOME}/dev/cpp
```
This directory path will be assumed for all instructions that follow.
== Check out the QGIS Source Code ==
There are two ways the source can be checked out. Use the anonymous method
if you do not have edit privaleges for the QGIS source repository, or use
the developer checkout if you have permissions to commit source code
changes.
1. Anonymous Checkout
```
cd ${HOME}/dev/cpp
svn co https://svn.osgeo.org/qgis/trunk/qgis qgis
```
2. Developer Checkout
```
cd ${HOME}/dev/cpp
svn co --username <yourusername> https://svn.osgeo.org/qgis/trunk/qgis qgis
```
The first time you check out the source you will be prompted to accept the
qgis.org certificate. Press 'p' to accept it permanently:
```
Error validating server certificate for 'https://svn.qgis.org:443':
- The certificate is not issued by a trusted authority. Use the
fingerprint to validate the certificate manually! Certificate
information:
- Hostname: svn.qgis.org
- Valid: from Apr 1 00:30:47 2006 GMT until Mar 21 00:30:47 2008 GMT
- Issuer: Developer Team, Quantum GIS, Anchorage, Alaska, US
- Fingerprint:
2f:cd:f1:5a:c7:64:da:2b:d1:34:a5:20:c6:15:67:28:33:ea:7a:9b (R)eject,
accept (t)emporarily or accept (p)ermanently?
```
== Starting the compile ==
I compile my development version of QGIS into my ~/apps directory to avoid
conflicts with Ubuntu packages that may be under /usr. This way for example
you can use the binary packages of QGIS on your system along side with your
development version. I suggest you do something similar:
```
mkdir -p ${HOME}/apps
```
Now we create a build directory and run ccmake:
```
cd qgis
mkdir build
cd build
ccmake ..
```
When you run ccmake (note the .. is required!), a menu will appear where
you can configure various aspects of the build. If you do not have root
access or do not want to overwrite existing QGIS installs (by your
packagemanager for example), set the CMAKE_BUILD_PREFIX to somewhere you
have write access to (I usually use /home/timlinux/apps). Now press
'c' to configure, 'e' to dismiss any error messages that may appear.
and 'g' to generate the make files. Note that sometimes 'c' needs to
be pressed several times before the 'g' option becomes available.
After the 'g' generation is complete, press 'q' to exit the ccmake
interactive dialog.
Now on with the build:
```
make
make install
```
It may take a little while to build depending on your platform.
After that you can try to run QGIS:
```
$HOME/apps/bin/qgis
```
If all has worked properly the QGIS application should start up and appear
on your screen.
== Building Debian packages ==
Instead of creating a personal installation as in the previous step you can
also create debian package. This is done from the qgis root directory, where
you'll find a debian directory.
First you need to install the debian packaging tools once:
```
apt-get install build-essential
```
First you need to create an changelog entry for your distribution. For example for Ubuntu Lucid:
```
dch -l ~lucid --force-distribution --distribution lucid "lucid build"
```
The QGIS packages will be created with:
```
dpkg-buildpackage -us -uc -b
```
/!\ **Note:** If ``dpkg-buildpackage`` complains about unmet build dependencies
you can install them using ``apt-get`` and re-run the command.
/!\ **Note:** If you have ``libqgis1-dev`` installed, you need to remove it first
using ``dpkg -r libqgis1-dev``. Otherwise ``dpkg-buildpackage`` will complain about a
build conflict.
The packages are created in the parent directory (ie. one level up).
Install them using dpkg. E.g.:
```
sudo debi
```
== A practical case: Building QGIS and GRASS from source on Ubuntu with ECW and MrSID formats support ==
The following procedure has been tested on Ubuntu 8.04, 8.10 and 9.04 32bit. If you want
to use different versions of the software (gdal, grass, qgis), just make the
necessary adjustments to the following code. This guide assumes that you don't have
installed any previous version of gdal, grass and qgis.
=== Step 1: install base packages ===
First you need to install the necessary packages required to download the source
code and compile it. Open the terminal and issue the following command:
```
sudo apt-get install build-essential g++ subversion
```
=== Step 2: compile and install the ecw libraries ===
Go to the ERDAS web site http://www.erdas.com/ and follow the links
"'''products --> ECW JPEG2000 Codec SDK --> downloads'''"
then download the "'''Image Compression SDK Source Code 3.3'''" (you'll need to make a registration
and accept a license).
Uncompress the arquive in a proper location (this guide assumes
that all the downloaded source code will be placed in the user home)
and the enter the newly created folder
```
cd /libecwj2-3.3
```
Compile the code with the standard commands
```
./configure
```
then
```
make
```
then
```
sudo make install
```
leave the folder
```
cd ..
```
=== Step 3: download the MrSID binaries ===
Go to the LIZARDTECH web site http://www.lizardtech.com/ and follow the links
"'''download --> Developer SDKs'''",
then download the "'''GeoExpress SDK for Linux (x86) - gcc 4.1 32-bit'''"
(you'll need to make a registration and accept a license).
Uncompress the downloaded file. The resulting directory name should be similar to "Geo_DSDK-7.0.0.2167"
=== Step 4: compile and install the gdal libraries ===
Download the latest gdal source code
```
svn checkout https://svn.osgeo.org/gdal/trunk/gdal gdal
```
then copy a few files from the MrSID binaries folder to the folder with the gdal source code
('''replace "USERNAME" with your actual account username''')
```
cp /home/USERNAME/Geo_DSDK-7.0.0.2167/include/*.* /home/USERNAME/gdal/frmts/mrsid/
```
enter the gdal source code folder
```
cd /gdal
```
and run configure with a few specific parameters
```
./configure --without-grass --with-mrsid=../Geo_DSDK-7.0.0.2167 --without-jp2mrsid
```
at the end of the configuration process you should read something like
```
...
GRASS support: no
...
...
...
ECW support: yes
MrSID support yes
...
```
then compile normally
```
make
```
and
```
sudo make install
```
finish the process by creating the necessary links to the most recent shared libraries
```
sudo ldconfig
```
at this point you may want to check if gdal was compiled correctly with MrSID and ECW
support by issuing one (or both) of the following commands
```
gdalinfo --formats | grep 'ECW'
```
```
gdalinfo --formats | grep 'SID'
```
leave the folder
```
cd ..
```
=== Step 5: compile and install GRASS ===
Before downloading and compile GRASS source code you need to install a few
other libraries and programs. We can do this trough apt
```
sudo apt-get install flex bison libreadline5-dev libncurses5-dev lesstif2-dev debhelper dpatch libtiff4-dev \
tcl8.4-dev tk8.4-dev fftw-dev xlibmesa-gl-dev libfreetype6-dev autoconf2.13 autotools-dev \
libgdal1-dev proj libjpeg62-dev libpng12-dev libpq-dev unixodbc-dev doxygen fakeroot cmake \
python-dev python-qt4-common python-qt4-dev python-sip4 python2.5-dev sip4 libglew1.5-dev libxmu6 \
libqt4-dev libgsl0-dev python-qt4 swig python-wxversion python-wxgtk2.8 libwxgtk2.8-0 libwxbase2.8-0 tcl8.4-dev \
tk8.4-dev tk8.4 libfftw3-dev libfftw3-3
```
At this point we can get the GRASS source code: you may want to download it
trough svn or maybe you want just to download the latest available source code arquive.
For example the GRASS 6.4rc4 is available at http://grass.itc.it/grass64/source/grass-6.4.0RC4.tar.gz
Uncompress the arquive, enter the newly created folder and run configure with a few specific parameters
```
CFLAGS="-fexceptions" ./configure --with-tcltk-includes=/usr/include/tcl8.4 --with-proj-share=/usr/share/proj --with-gdal=/usr/local/bin/gdal-config \
--with-python=/usr/bin/python2.5-config
```
The additional gcc option -fexceptions is necessary to enable exceptions support in GRASS libraries. It is currently the only way to avoid QGIS crashes if a fatal error happens in GRASS library. See also http://trac.osgeo.org/grass/ticket/869
Then as usual (it will take a while)
```
make
```
and
```
sudo make install
```
leave the folder
```
cd ..
```
you have now compiled and installed GRASS (also with the new wxpyhton interface) so you
may want to give it a try
```
grass64 -wxpython
```
=== Step 6: compile and install QGIS ===
As for GRASS you can obtain the QGIS source code from different sources,
for instance from svn or just by downloading one of the source code arquives available
at http://www.qgis.org/download/sources.html
For example download the QGIS 1.1.0 source code here http://download.osgeo.org/qgis/src/qgis_1.1.0.tar.gz
uncompress the arquive and enter the newly created folder
```
cd /qgis_1.1.0
```
then run ccmake
```
ccmake .
```
press the "c" key, then when the option list will appear we need to manually
configure the "GRASS_PREFIX" parameter. Scroll down until the "GRASS_PREFIX" will appear,
press enter and manually set it to
```
/usr/local/grass-6.4.0RC4
```
then press enter again.
Press the "c" again and the option "Press [g] to generate and exit" will appear.
Press the "g" key to generate and exit.
then as usual (it will take a while)
```
make
```
and
```
sudo make install
```
At the end of the process you should have QGIS and GRASS working with MrSID and ECW
raster format support.
To run QGIS just use this command
```
qgis
```