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If an inheritance/partitioning parent table is assigned some column alias names in the query, EXPLAIN mapped those aliases onto the child tables' columns by physical position, resulting in bogus output if a child table's columns aren't one-for-one with the parent's. To fix, make expand_single_inheritance_child() generate a correctly re-mapped column alias list, rather than just copying the parent RTE's alias node. (We have to fill the alias field, not just adjust the eref field, because ruleutils.c will ignore eref in favor of looking at the real column names.) This means that child tables will now always have alias fields in plan rtables, where before they might not have. That results in a rather substantial set of regression test output changes: EXPLAIN will now always show child tables with aliases that match the parent table (usually with "_N" appended for uniqueness). But that seems like a net positive for understandability, since the parent alias corresponds to something that actually appeared in the original query, while the child table names didn't. (Note that this does not change anything for cases where an explicit table alias was written in the query for the parent table; it just makes cases without such aliases behave similarly to that.) Hence, while we could avoid these subsidiary changes if we made inherit.c more complicated, we choose not to. Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/12424.1575168015@sss.pgh.pa.us
The PostgreSQL contrib tree
---------------------------
This subtree contains porting tools, analysis utilities, and plug-in
features that are not part of the core PostgreSQL system, mainly
because they address a limited audience or are too experimental to be
part of the main source tree. This does not preclude their
usefulness.
User documentation for each module appears in the main SGML
documentation.
When building from the source distribution, these modules are not
built automatically, unless you build the "world" target. You can
also build and install them all by running "make all" and "make
install" in this directory; or to build and install just one selected
module, do the same in that module's subdirectory.
Some directories supply new user-defined functions, operators, or
types. To make use of one of these modules, after you have installed
the code you need to register the new SQL objects in the database
system by executing a CREATE EXTENSION command. In a fresh database,
you can simply do
CREATE EXTENSION module_name;
See the PostgreSQL documentation for more information about this
procedure.