Fix plpgsql to allow new-style SQL CREATE FUNCTION as a SQL command.

plpgsql fails on new-style CREATE FUNCTION/PROCEDURE commands within
a routine or DO block, because make_execsql_stmt believes that a
semicolon token always terminates a SQL command.  Now, that's actually
been wrong since the day it was written, because CREATE RULE has long
allowed multiple rule actions separated by semicolons.  But there are
few enough people using multi-action rules that there was never an
attempt to fix it.  New-style SQL functions, though, are popular.

psql has this same problem of "does this semicolon really terminate
the command?".  It deals with CREATE RULE by counting parenthesis
nesting depth: a semicolon within parens doesn't end a command.
Commits e717a9a18 and 029c5ac03 created a similar heuristic to count
matching BEGIN/END pairs (but only within CREATEs, so as not to be
fooled by plain BEGIN).  That's survived several releases now without
trouble reports, so let's just absorb those heuristics into plpgsql.

Per report from Samuel Dussault.  Back-patch to v14 where new-style
SQL function syntax came in.

Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/YT2PR01MB88552C3E9AD40A6C038774A781722@YT2PR01MB8855.CANPRD01.PROD.OUTLOOK.COM

src/backend/access/index/indexam.c

@@ -107,6 +107,7 @@ do { \
 static IndexScanDesc index_beginscan_internal(Relation indexRelation,
 											  int nkeys, int norderbys, Snapshot snapshot,
 											  ParallelIndexScanDesc pscan, bool temp_snap);
+static inline void validate_relation_kind(Relation r);
 
 
 /* ----------------------------------------------------------------
@@ -135,12 +136,30 @@ index_open(Oid relationId, LOCKMODE lockmode)
 
 	r = relation_open(relationId, lockmode);
 
-	if (r->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_INDEX &&
+	validate_relation_kind(r);
-		r->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_PARTITIONED_INDEX)
+
-		ereport(ERROR,
+	return r;
-				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
+}
-				 errmsg("\"%s\" is not an index",
+
-						RelationGetRelationName(r))));
+/* ----------------
+ *		try_index_open - open a index relation by relation OID
+ *
+ *		Same as index_open, except return NULL instead of failing
+ *		if the relation does not exist.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+Relation
+try_index_open(Oid relationId, LOCKMODE lockmode)
+{
+	Relation	r;
+
+	r = try_relation_open(relationId, lockmode);
+
+	/* leave if index does not exist */
+	if (!r)
+		return NULL;
+
+	validate_relation_kind(r);
 
 	return r;
 }
@@ -168,6 +187,24 @@ index_close(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode)
 		UnlockRelationId(&relid, lockmode);
 }
 
+/* ----------------
+ *		validate_relation_kind - check the relation's kind
+ *
+ *		Make sure relkind is an index or a partitioned index.
+ * ----------------
+ */
+static inline void
+validate_relation_kind(Relation r)
+{
+	if (r->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_INDEX &&
+		r->rd_rel->relkind != RELKIND_PARTITIONED_INDEX)
+		ereport(ERROR,
+				(errcode(ERRCODE_WRONG_OBJECT_TYPE),
+				 errmsg("\"%s\" is not an index",
+						RelationGetRelationName(r))));
+}
+
+
 /* ----------------
  *		index_insert - insert an index tuple into a relation
  * ----------------

src/backend/catalog/index.c

@@ -3612,7 +3612,24 @@ reindex_index(Oid indexId, bool skip_constraint_checks, char persistence,
 	 * Open the target index relation and get an exclusive lock on it, to
 	 * ensure that no one else is touching this particular index.
 	 */
-	iRel = index_open(indexId, AccessExclusiveLock);
+	if ((params->options & REINDEXOPT_MISSING_OK) != 0)
+		iRel = try_index_open(indexId, AccessExclusiveLock);
+	else
+		iRel = index_open(indexId, AccessExclusiveLock);
+
+	/* if index relation is gone, leave */
+	if (!iRel)
+	{
+		/* Roll back any GUC changes */
+		AtEOXact_GUC(false, save_nestlevel);
+
+		/* Restore userid and security context */
+		SetUserIdAndSecContext(save_userid, save_sec_context);
+
+		/* Close parent heap relation, but keep locks */
+		table_close(heapRelation, NoLock);
+		return;
+	}
 
 	if (progress)
 		pgstat_progress_update_param(PROGRESS_CREATEIDX_ACCESS_METHOD_OID,

src/include/access/genam.h

@@ -138,6 +138,7 @@ typedef struct IndexOrderByDistance
 #define IndexScanIsValid(scan) PointerIsValid(scan)
 
 extern Relation index_open(Oid relationId, LOCKMODE lockmode);
+extern Relation try_index_open(Oid relationId, LOCKMODE lockmode);
 extern void index_close(Relation relation, LOCKMODE lockmode);
 
 extern bool index_insert(Relation indexRelation,

src/pl/plpgsql/src/Makefile

@@ -32,8 +32,9 @@ DATA = plpgsql.control plpgsql--1.0.sql
 
 REGRESS_OPTS = --dbname=$(PL_TESTDB)
 
-REGRESS = plpgsql_array plpgsql_call plpgsql_control plpgsql_copy plpgsql_domain \
+REGRESS = plpgsql_array plpgsql_cache plpgsql_call plpgsql_control \
-	plpgsql_record plpgsql_cache plpgsql_simple plpgsql_transaction \
+	plpgsql_copy plpgsql_domain plpgsql_misc \
+	plpgsql_record plpgsql_simple plpgsql_transaction \
 	plpgsql_trap plpgsql_trigger plpgsql_varprops
 
 # where to find gen_keywordlist.pl and subsidiary files

src/pl/plpgsql/src/expected/plpgsql_misc.out

@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+--
+-- Miscellaneous topics
+--
+-- Verify that we can parse new-style CREATE FUNCTION/PROCEDURE
+do
+$$
+  declare procedure int;  -- check we still recognize non-keywords as vars
+  begin
+  create function test1() returns int
+    begin atomic
+      select 2 + 2;
+    end;
+  create or replace procedure test2(x int)
+    begin atomic
+      select x + 2;
+    end;
+  end
+$$;
+\sf test1
+CREATE OR REPLACE FUNCTION public.test1()
+ RETURNS integer
+ LANGUAGE sql
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+ SELECT (2 + 2);
+END
+\sf test2
+CREATE OR REPLACE PROCEDURE public.test2(IN x integer)
+ LANGUAGE sql
+BEGIN ATOMIC
+ SELECT (x + 2);
+END

src/pl/plpgsql/src/pl_gram.y

@@ -79,7 +79,8 @@ static	PLpgSQL_expr	*read_sql_expression2(int until, int until2,
 											  int *endtoken);
 static	PLpgSQL_expr	*read_sql_stmt(void);
 static	PLpgSQL_type	*read_datatype(int tok);
-static	PLpgSQL_stmt	*make_execsql_stmt(int firsttoken, int location);
+static	PLpgSQL_stmt	*make_execsql_stmt(int firsttoken, int location,
+										   PLword *word);
 static	PLpgSQL_stmt_fetch *read_fetch_direction(void);
 static	void			 complete_direction(PLpgSQL_stmt_fetch *fetch,
 											bool *check_FROM);
@@ -1994,11 +1995,11 @@ loop_body		: proc_sect K_END K_LOOP opt_label ';'
  */
 stmt_execsql	: K_IMPORT
 					{
-						$$ = make_execsql_stmt(K_IMPORT, @1);
+						$$ = make_execsql_stmt(K_IMPORT, @1, NULL);
 					}
 				| K_INSERT
 					{
-						$$ = make_execsql_stmt(K_INSERT, @1);
+						$$ = make_execsql_stmt(K_INSERT, @1, NULL);
 					}
 				| T_WORD
 					{
@@ -2009,7 +2010,7 @@ stmt_execsql	: K_IMPORT
 						if (tok == '=' || tok == COLON_EQUALS ||
 							tok == '[' || tok == '.')
 							word_is_not_variable(&($1), @1);
-						$$ = make_execsql_stmt(T_WORD, @1);
+						$$ = make_execsql_stmt(T_WORD, @1, &($1));
 					}
 				| T_CWORD
 					{
@@ -2020,7 +2021,7 @@ stmt_execsql	: K_IMPORT
 						if (tok == '=' || tok == COLON_EQUALS ||
 							tok == '[' || tok == '.')
 							cword_is_not_variable(&($1), @1);
-						$$ = make_execsql_stmt(T_CWORD, @1);
+						$$ = make_execsql_stmt(T_CWORD, @1, NULL);
 					}
 				;
 
@@ -2936,8 +2937,13 @@ read_datatype(int tok)
 	return result;
 }
 
+/*
+ * Read a generic SQL statement.  We have already read its first token;
+ * firsttoken is that token's code and location its starting location.
+ * If firsttoken == T_WORD, pass its yylval value as "word", else pass NULL.
+ */
 static PLpgSQL_stmt *
-make_execsql_stmt(int firsttoken, int location)
+make_execsql_stmt(int firsttoken, int location, PLword *word)
 {
 	StringInfoData		ds;
 	IdentifierLookup	save_IdentifierLookup;
@@ -2950,9 +2956,16 @@ make_execsql_stmt(int firsttoken, int location)
 	bool				have_strict = false;
 	int					into_start_loc = -1;
 	int					into_end_loc = -1;
+	int			paren_depth = 0;
+	int			begin_depth = 0;
+	bool		in_routine_definition = false;
+	int			token_count = 0;
+	char		tokens[4];		/* records the first few tokens */
 
 	initStringInfo(&ds);
 
+	memset(tokens, 0, sizeof(tokens));
+
 	/* special lookup mode for identifiers within the SQL text */
 	save_IdentifierLookup = plpgsql_IdentifierLookup;
 	plpgsql_IdentifierLookup = IDENTIFIER_LOOKUP_EXPR;
@@ -2961,6 +2974,12 @@ make_execsql_stmt(int firsttoken, int location)
 	 * Scan to the end of the SQL command.  Identify any INTO-variables
 	 * clause lurking within it, and parse that via read_into_target().
 	 *
+	 * The end of the statement is defined by a semicolon ... except that
+	 * semicolons within parentheses or BEGIN/END blocks don't terminate a
+	 * statement.  We follow psql's lead in not recognizing BEGIN/END except
+	 * after CREATE [OR REPLACE] {FUNCTION|PROCEDURE}.  END can also appear
+	 * within a CASE construct, so we treat CASE/END like BEGIN/END.
+	 *
 	 * Because INTO is sometimes used in the main SQL grammar, we have to be
 	 * careful not to take any such usage of INTO as a PL/pgSQL INTO clause.
 	 * There are currently three such cases:
@@ -2986,13 +3005,50 @@ make_execsql_stmt(int firsttoken, int location)
 	 * break this logic again ... beware!
 	 */
 	tok = firsttoken;
+	if (tok == T_WORD && strcmp(word->ident, "create") == 0)
+		tokens[token_count] = 'c';
+	token_count++;
+
 	for (;;)
 	{
 		prev_tok = tok;
 		tok = yylex();
 		if (have_into && into_end_loc < 0)
 			into_end_loc = yylloc;		/* token after the INTO part */
-		if (tok == ';')
+		/* Detect CREATE [OR REPLACE] {FUNCTION|PROCEDURE} */
+		if (tokens[0] == 'c' && token_count < sizeof(tokens))
+		{
+			if (tok == K_OR)
+				tokens[token_count] = 'o';
+			else if (tok == T_WORD &&
+					 strcmp(yylval.word.ident, "replace") == 0)
+				tokens[token_count] = 'r';
+			else if (tok == T_WORD &&
+					 strcmp(yylval.word.ident, "function") == 0)
+				tokens[token_count] = 'f';
+			else if (tok == T_WORD &&
+					 strcmp(yylval.word.ident, "procedure") == 0)
+				tokens[token_count] = 'f';	/* treat same as "function" */
+			if (tokens[1] == 'f' ||
+				(tokens[1] == 'o' && tokens[2] == 'r' && tokens[3] == 'f'))
+				in_routine_definition = true;
+			token_count++;
+		}
+		/* Track paren nesting (needed for CREATE RULE syntax) */
+		if (tok == '(')
+			paren_depth++;
+		else if (tok == ')' && paren_depth > 0)
+			paren_depth--;
+		/* We need track BEGIN/END nesting only in a routine definition */
+		if (in_routine_definition && paren_depth == 0)
+		{
+			if (tok == K_BEGIN || tok == K_CASE)
+				begin_depth++;
+			else if (tok == K_END && begin_depth > 0)
+				begin_depth--;
+		}
+		/* Command-ending semicolon? */
+		if (tok == ';' && paren_depth == 0 && begin_depth == 0)
 			break;
 		if (tok == 0)
 			yyerror("unexpected end of function definition");

src/pl/plpgsql/src/sql/plpgsql_misc.sql

@@ -0,0 +1,22 @@
+--
+-- Miscellaneous topics
+--
+
+-- Verify that we can parse new-style CREATE FUNCTION/PROCEDURE
+do
+$$
+  declare procedure int;  -- check we still recognize non-keywords as vars
+  begin
+  create function test1() returns int
+    begin atomic
+      select 2 + 2;
+    end;
+  create or replace procedure test2(x int)
+    begin atomic
+      select x + 2;
+    end;
+  end
+$$;
+
+\sf test1
+\sf test2