Previously, the idle_replication_slot_timeout parameter used minutes
as its unit, based on the assumption that values would typically exceed
one minute in production environments. However, this caused unexpected
behavior: specifying a value below 30 seconds would round down to 0,
effectively disabling the timeout. This could be surprising to users.
To allow finer-grained control and avoid such confusion, this commit changes
the unit of idle_replication_slot_timeout to seconds. Larger values can
still be specified easily using standard time suffixes, for example,
'24h' for 24 hours.
Back-patch to v18 where idle_replication_slot_timeout was added.
Reported-by: Gunnar Morling <gunnar.morling@googlemail.com>
Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at>
Reviewed-by: David G. Johnston <david.g.johnston@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CADGJaX_0+FTguWpNSpgVWYQP_7MhoO0D8=cp4XozSQgaZ40Odw@mail.gmail.com
Backpatch-through: 18
The documentation previously described the type of the io_workers GUC
parameter as "int". However, the documentation consistently uses "integer"
for parameters of this type.
This commit updates the type description of io_workers to "integer"
for consistency with other GUC parameter descriptions.
Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/e95c899a-2aeb-45b7-8fd3-7a27dcdb475b@oss.nttdata.com
The documentation for track_cost_delay_timing describes where cost-based
vacuum delay timing information is displayed when the setting is enabled.
While this information is also shown in the output of ANALYZE VERBOSE,
that was previously omitted from the list.
This commit updates the documentation to include ANALYZE VERBOSE in the list,
clarifying that it also reports cost-based delay timing information.
Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/e95c899a-2aeb-45b7-8fd3-7a27dcdb475b@oss.nttdata.com
For parameters that exist as both configuration and storage options,
the documentation typically includes secondary index entries to
help users distinguish and locate the relevant references easily.
However, such index entries were missing for vacuum_truncate and
vacuum_max_eager_freeze_failure_rate, both introduced in v18.
This commit adds appropriate secondary index terms for these parameters
to ensure consistency with other parameters and improve usability of
the documentation index.
Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/e95c899a-2aeb-45b7-8fd3-7a27dcdb475b@oss.nttdata.com
Commit 8492feb98f6 added support for parallel CREATE INDEX on GIN indexes.
However, previously two places in the documentation and two in the source
code comments still stated that only B-tree and BRIN indexes support
parallel builds.
This commit updates those references to correctly include GIN indexes.
Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Treat <rob@xzilla.net>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/7d27d068-90e2-4022-9bd7-09b0fd3d4f47@oss.nttdata.com
This commit renames the GUC log_lock_failure to log_lock_failures
to align with the existing similar setting log_lock_waits, which uses
the plural form. This improves naming consistency across related GUCs.
Suggested-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/7a8198b6-d5b8-4910-b41e-8d3efcbb015d@eisentraut.org
9219093cab2607f modularized log_connections output to allow more
granular control over which aspects of connection establishment are
logged. It converted the boolean log_connections GUC into a list of strings
and deprecated previously supported boolean-like values on, off, true,
false, 1, 0, yes, and no. Those values still work, but they are
supported mainly for backwards compatability. As such, documented
examples of log_connections should not use these deprecated values.
Update references in the docs to deprecated log_connections values. Many
of the tests use log_connections. This commit also updates the tests to
use the new values of log_connections. In some of the tests, the updated
log_connections value covers a narrower set of aspects (e.g. the
'authentication' aspect in the tests in src/test/authentication and the
'receipt' aspect in src/test/postmaster). In other cases, the new value
for log_connections is a superset of the previous included aspects (e.g.
'all' in src/test/kerberos/t/001_auth.pl).
Reported-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Author: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/e1586594-3b69-4aea-87ce-73a7488cdc97%40eisentraut.org
Commit db6a4a985bc categorized md5_password_warnings as an
authentication setting, and the placement in postgresql.conf.sample
matches that, but in the documentation it ended up under logging
settings, which isn't unreasonable but inconsistent. This moves the
documentation chunk to authentication settings as well.
The extension_control_path setting (commit 4f7f7b03758) did not
support extensions that set a custom "directory" setting in their
control file. Very few extensions use that and during the discussion
on the previous commit it was suggested to maybe remove that
functionality. But a fix was easier than initially thought, so this
just adds that support. The fix is to use the control->control_dir as
a share dir to return the path of the extension script files.
To make this work more sensibly overall, the directory suffix
"extension" is no longer to be included in the extension_control_path
value. To quote the patch, it would be
-extension_control_path = '/usr/local/share/postgresql/extension:/home/my_project/share/extension:$system'
+extension_control_path = '/usr/local/share/postgresql:/home/my_project/share:$system'
During the initial patch, there was some discussion on which of these
two approaches would be better, and the committed patch was a 50/50
decision. But the support for the "directory" setting pushed it the
other way, and also it seems like many people didn't like the previous
behavior much.
Author: Matheus Alcantara <mths.dev@pm.me>
Reviewed-by: Christoph Berg <myon@debian.org>
Reviewed-by: David E. Wheeler <david@justatheory.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/aAi1VACxhjMhjFnb%40msg.df7cb.de#0cdf7b7d727cc593b029650daa3c4fbc
Previously, config.sgml included secondary index terms for
max_replication_slots and max_active_replication_origins. These are
no longer necessary, as each parameter now has a single distinct index entry.
The secondary index terms were originally useful because
max_active_replication_origins was part of max_replication_slots,
and separate index entries helped users locate each setting. However,
commit 04ff636cbce split them into independent parameters,
making the secondary terms redundant.
This commit removes the unnecessary secondary index entries to
simplify the documentation.
Author: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Euler Taveira <euler@eulerto.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Treat <rob@xzilla.net>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/e825e7a7-4877-441d-93c1-25377db36c31@oss.nttdata.com
It can be set to either COPY (the default) or CLONE if the system
supports it. CLONE causes callers of copydir(), currently CREATE
DATABASE ... STRATEGY=FILE_COPY and ALTER DATABASE ... SET TABLESPACE =
..., to use copy_file_range (Linux, FreeBSD) or copyfile (macOS) to copy
files instead of a read-write loop over the contents.
CLONE gives the kernel the opportunity to share block ranges on
copy-on-write file systems and push copying down to storage on others,
depending on configuration. On some systems CLONE can be used to clone
large databases quickly with CREATE DATABASE ... TEMPLATE=source
STRATEGY=FILE_COPY.
Other operating systems could be supported; patches welcome.
Co-authored-by: Nazir Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Ranier Vilela <ranier.vf@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKGLM%2Bt%2BSwBU-cHeMUXJCOgBxSHLGZutV5zCwY4qrCcE02w%40mail.gmail.com
This escape shows the numeric server IP address that the client
has connected to. Unix-socket connections will show "[local]".
Non-client processes (e.g. background processes) will show "[none]".
We expect that this option will be of interest to only a fairly
small number of users. Therefore the implementation is optimized
for the case where it's not used (that is, we don't do the string
conversion until we have to), and we've not added the field to
csvlog or jsonlog formats.
Author: Greg Sabino Mullane <htamfids@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Cary Huang <cary.huang@highgo.ca>
Reviewed-by: David Steele <david@pgmasters.net>
Reviewed-by: Jim Jones <jim.jones@uni-muenster.de>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKAnmmK-U+UicE-qbNU23K--Q5XTLdM6bj+gbkZBZkjyjrd3Ow@mail.gmail.com
hot_standby_feedback mechanics assume that clocks are synchronized,
but it was not clear from documentation.
Author: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Euler Taveira <euler@eulerto.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKZiRmwBcALLrDgCyEhHP1enUxtPMjyNM_d1A2Lng3_6Rf4Qfw%40mail.gmail.com
Previously effective_io_concurrency and maintenance_io_concurrency could not
be set above 0 on machines without fadvise support. AIO enables IO concurrency
without such support, via io_method=worker.
Currently only subsystems using the read stream API will take advantage of
this. Other users of maintenance_io_concurrency (like recovery prefetching)
which leverage OS advice directly will not benefit from this change. In those
cases, maintenance_io_concurrency will have no effect on I/O behavior.
Author: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAAKRu_atGgZePo=_g6T3cNtfMf0QxpvoUh5OUqa_cnPdhLd=gw@mail.gmail.com
With AIO it does not make sense anymore to track the time for each individual
IO, as multiple IOs can be in-flight at the same time. Instead we now track
the time spent *waiting* for IOs.
This should be reflected in the docs. While, so far, we only do a subset of
reads, and no other operations, via AIO, describing the GUC and view columns
as measuring IO waits is accurate for synchronous and asynchronous IO.
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/5dzyoduxlvfg55oqtjyjehez5uoq6hnwgzor4kkybkfdgkj7ag@rbi4gsmzaczk
Commit 62d712ecfd94 introduced the capability to calculate the same
queryId for queries with different lengths of constants in a list for an
IN clause. This behavior was originally enabled with a GUC
query_id_squash_values. After a discussion about the value of such a
GUC, it was decided to back out of the use of a GUC and make the
squashing behavior the only available option.
Author: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z-LZyygkkNyA8-kR@msg.df7cb.de
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+q6zcVTK-3C-8NWV1oY2NZrvtnMCDqnyYYyk1T7WMUG65MeOQ@mail.gmail.com
Performing AIO using io_uring can be considerably faster than
io_method=worker, particularly when lots of small IOs are issued, as
a) the context-switch overhead for worker based AIO becomes more significant
b) the number of IO workers can become limiting
io_uring, however, is linux specific and requires an additional compile-time
dependency (liburing).
This implementation is fairly simple and there are substantial optimization
opportunities.
The description of the existing AIO_IO_COMPLETION wait event is updated to
make the difference between it and the new AIO_IO_URING_EXECUTION clearer.
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Reviewed-by: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/uvrtrknj4kdytuboidbhwclo4gxhswwcpgadptsjvjqcluzmah%40brqs62irg4dt
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210223100344.llw5an2aklengrmn@alap3.anarazel.de
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/stj36ea6yyhoxtqkhpieia2z4krnam7qyetc57rfezgk4zgapf@gcnactj4z56m
Until now max_files_per_process=N limited each backend to open N files in
total (minus a safety factor), even if there were already more files opened in
postmaster and inherited by backends. Change max_files_per_process to control
how many additional files each process is allowed to open.
The main motivation for this is the patch to add io_method=io_uring, which
needs to open one file for each backend. Without this patch, even if
RLIMIT_NOFILE is high enough, postmaster will fail in set_max_safe_fds() if
started with a high max_connections. The cause of the failure is that, until
now, set_max_safe_fds() subtracted the already open files from
max_files_per_process.
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/w6uiicyou7hzq47mbyejubtcyb2rngkkf45fk4q7inue5kfbeo@bbfad3qyubvs
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAGECzQQh6VSy3KG4pN1d=h9J=D1rStFCMR+t7yh_Kwj-g87aLQ@mail.gmail.com
This commit introduces a new GUC option max_active_replication_origins
to control the maximum number of active replication
origins. Previously, this was controlled by
'max_replication_slots'. Having a separate GUC option provides better
flexibility for setting up subscribers, as they may not require
replication slots (for cascading replication) but always require
replication origins.
Author: Euler Taveira <euler@eulerto.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/b81db436-8262-4575-b7c4-bc0c1551000b@app.fastmail.com
This new parameter works just like the storage parameter of the
same name: if set to true (which is the default), autovacuum and
VACUUM attempt to truncate any empty pages at the end of the table.
It is primarily intended to help users avoid locking issues on hot
standbys. The setting can be overridden with the storage parameter
or VACUUM's TRUNCATE option.
Since there's presently no way to determine whether a Boolean
storage parameter is explicitly set or has just picked up the
default value, this commit also introduces an isset_offset member
to relopt_parse_elt.
Suggested-by: Will Storey <will@summercat.com>
Author: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Gurjeet Singh <gurjeet@singh.im>
Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at>
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Treat <rob@xzilla.net>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z2DE4lDX4tHqNGZt%40dev.null
The new GUC extension_control_path specifies a path to look for
extension control files. The default value is $system, which looks in
the compiled-in location, as before.
The path search uses the same code and works in the same way as
dynamic_library_path.
Some use cases of this are: (1) testing extensions during package
builds, (2) installing extensions outside security-restricted
containers like Python.app (on macOS), (3) adding extensions to
PostgreSQL running in a Kubernetes environment using operators such as
CloudNativePG without having to rebuild the base image for each new
extension.
There is also a tweak in Makefile.global so that it is possible to
install extensions using PGXS into an different directory than the
default, using 'make install prefix=/else/where'. This previously
only worked when specifying the subdirectories, like 'make install
datadir=/else/where/share pkglibdir=/else/where/lib', for purely
implementation reasons. (Of course, without the path feature,
installing elsewhere was rarely useful.)
Author: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Co-authored-by: Matheus Alcantara <matheusssilv97@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: David E. Wheeler <david@justatheory.com>
Reviewed-by: Gabriele Bartolini <gabriele.bartolini@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Marco Nenciarini <marco.nenciarini@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Niccolò Fei <niccolo.fei@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://www.postgresql.org/message-id/flat/E7C7BFFB-8857-48D4-A71F-88B359FADCFD@justatheory.com
The default of 128kB is unchanged, but the upper limit is changed from
32 blocks to 128 blocks, unless the operating system's IOV_MAX is too
low. Some other RDBMSes seem to cap their multi-block buffer pool I/O
around this number, and it seems useful to allow experimentation.
The concrete change is to our definition of PG_IOV_MAX, which provides
the maximum for io_combine_limit and io_max_combine_limit. It also
affects a couple of other places that work with arrays of struct iovec
or smaller objects on the stack, so we still don't want to use the
system IOV_MAX directly without a clamp: it is not under our control and
likely to be 1024. 128 seems acceptable for our current usage.
For Windows, we can't use real scatter/gather yet, so we continue to
define our own IOV_MAX value of 16 and emulate preadv()/pwritev() with
loops. Someone would need to research the trade-offs of raising that
number.
NB if trying to see this working: you might temporarily need to hack
BAS_BULKREAD to be bigger, since otherwise the obvious way of "a very
big SELECT" is limited by that for now.
Suggested-by: Tomas Vondra <tomas@vondra.me>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKG%2B2T9p-%2BzM6Eeou-RAJjTML6eit1qn26f9twznX59qtCA%40mail.gmail.com
The existing io_combine_limit can be changed by users. The new
io_max_combine_limit is fixed at server startup time, and functions as a
silent clamp on the user setting. That in itself is probably quite
useful, but the primary motivation is:
aio_init.c allocates shared memory for all asynchronous IOs including
some per-block data, and we didn't want to waste memory you'd never used
by assuming they could be up to PG_IOV_MAX. This commit already halves
the size of 'AioHandleIov' and 'AioHandleData'. A follow-up commit can
now expand PG_IOV_MAX without affecting that.
Since our GUC system doesn't support dependencies or cross-checks
between GUCs, the user-settable one now assigns a "raw" value to
io_combine_limit_guc, and the lower of io_combine_limit_guc and
io_max_combine_limit is maintained in io_combine_limit.
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de> (earlier version)
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA%2BhUKG%2B2T9p-%2BzM6Eeou-RAJjTML6eit1qn26f9twznX59qtCA%40mail.gmail.com
pg_stat_statements produces multiple entries for queries like
SELECT something FROM table WHERE col IN (1, 2, 3, ...)
depending on the number of parameters, because every element of
ArrayExpr is individually jumbled. Most of the time that's undesirable,
especially if the list becomes too large.
Fix this by introducing a new GUC query_id_squash_values which modifies
the node jumbling code to only consider the first and last element of a
list of constants, rather than each list element individually. This
affects both the query_id generated by query jumbling, as well as
pg_stat_statements query normalization so that it suppresses printing of
the individual elements of such a list.
The default value is off, meaning the previous behavior is maintained.
Author: Dmitry Dolgov <9erthalion6@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergey Dudoladov (mysterious, off-list)
Reviewed-by: David Geier <geidav.pg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Álvaro Herrera <alvherre@alvh.no-ip.org>
Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sutou Kouhei <kou@clear-code.com>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Reviewed-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Reviewed-by: Marcos Pegoraro <marcos@f10.com.br>
Reviewed-by: Julien Rouhaud <rjuju123@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhihong Yu <zyu@yugabyte.com>
Tested-by: Yasuo Honda <yasuo.honda@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Sergei Kornilov <sk@zsrv.org>
Tested-by: Maciek Sakrejda <m.sakrejda@gmail.com>
Tested-by: Chengxi Sun <sunchengxi@highgo.com>
Tested-by: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CA+q6zcWtUbT_Sxj0V6HY6EZ89uv5wuG5aefpe_9n0Jr3VwntFg@mail.gmail.com
The previous commit introduced the infrastructure to start io_workers. This
commit actually makes the workers execute IOs.
IO workers consume IOs from a shared memory submission queue, run traditional
synchronous system calls, and perform the shared completion handling
immediately. Client code submits most requests by pushing IOs into the
submission queue, and waits (if necessary) using condition variables. Some
IOs cannot be performed in another process due to lack of infrastructure for
reopening the file, and must processed synchronously by the client code when
submitted.
For now the default io_method is changed to "worker". We should re-evaluate
that around beta1, we might want to be careful and set the default to "sync"
for 18.
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Co-authored-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/uvrtrknj4kdytuboidbhwclo4gxhswwcpgadptsjvjqcluzmah%40brqs62irg4dt
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210223100344.llw5an2aklengrmn@alap3.anarazel.de
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/stj36ea6yyhoxtqkhpieia2z4krnam7qyetc57rfezgk4zgapf@gcnactj4z56m
This commit contains the basic, system-wide, infrastructure for
io_method=worker. It does not yet actually execute IO, this commit just
provides the infrastructure for running IO workers, kept separate for easier
review.
The number of IO workers can be adjusted with a PGC_SIGHUP GUC. Eventually
we'd like to make the number of workers dynamically scale up/down based on the
current "IO load".
To allow the number of IO workers to be increased without a restart, we need
to reserve PGPROC entries for the workers unconditionally. This has been
judged to be worth the cost. If it turns out to be problematic, we can
introduce a PGC_POSTMASTER GUC to control the maximum number.
As io workers might be needed during shutdown, e.g. for AIO during the
shutdown checkpoint, a new PMState phase is added. IO workers are shut down
after the shutdown checkpoint has been performed and walsender/archiver have
shut down, but before the checkpointer itself shuts down. See also
87a6690cc69.
Updates PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID due to the addition of a new BackendType.
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Co-authored-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/uvrtrknj4kdytuboidbhwclo4gxhswwcpgadptsjvjqcluzmah%40brqs62irg4dt
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20210223100344.llw5an2aklengrmn@alap3.anarazel.de
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/stj36ea6yyhoxtqkhpieia2z4krnam7qyetc57rfezgk4zgapf@gcnactj4z56m
Since many clients default to the X25519 curve in the TLS handshake,
the fact that the server by defualt doesn't support it cause an extra
roundtrip for each TLS connection. By adding multiple curves, which
is supported since 3d1ef3a15c3eb68da, we can reduce the risk of extra
roundtrips.
Author: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Co-authored-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com>
Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/20240616234612.6cslu7nqexquvwj7@awork3.anarazel.de
Since its introduction in fc34b0d9de27a, the default
maintenance_io_concurrency has been larger than the default
effective_io_concurrency. maintenance_io_concurrency primarily
controlled prefetching done on behalf of the whole system, for
operations like recovery. Therefore it makes sense for it to have a
value equal to or greater than effective_io_concurrency, which controls
I/O concurrency for reading a relation in a bitmap heap scan.
ff79b5b2ab increased effective_io_concurrency to 16, so we'll increase
maintenance_io_concurrency as well. For now, though, we'll keep the
defaults of effective_io_concurrency and maintenance_io_concurrency
equal to one another (16).
On fast, high IOPs systems, significantly higher values of
maintenance_io_concurrency are observably beneficial [1]. However, such
values would flood low IOPs systems and increase overall system I/O
latency.
It is worth mentioning that since 9256822608f and c3e775e608f,
maintenance_io_concurrency also controls the I/O concurrency of each
vacuum worker. Since many autovacuum workers may be simultaneously
issuing I/Os, we want to keep maintenance_io_concurrency appropriately
conservative.
[1] https://postgr.es/m/c5d52837-6256-0556-ac8c-d6d3d558820a%40enterprisedb.com
Suggested-by: Jakub Wartak <jakub.wartak@enterprisedb.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CAKZiRmxdHQaU%2B2Zpe6d%3Dx%3D0vigJ1sfWwwVYLJAf%3Dud_wQ_VcUw%40mail.gmail.com
This commit just does the minimal wiring up of the AIO subsystem, added in the
next commit, to the rest of the system. The next commit contains more details
about motivation and architecture.
This commit is kept separate to make it easier to review, separating the
changes across the tree, from the implementation of the new subsystem.
We discussed squashing this commit with the main commit before merging AIO,
but there has been a mild preference for keeping it separate.
Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi>
Reviewed-by: Noah Misch <noah@leadboat.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/uvrtrknj4kdytuboidbhwclo4gxhswwcpgadptsjvjqcluzmah%40brqs62irg4dt
This commit introduces a new GUC, log_lock_failure, which controls whether
a detailed log message is produced when a lock acquisition fails. Currently,
it only supports logging lock failures caused by SELECT ... NOWAIT.
The log message includes information about all processes holding or
waiting for the lock that couldn't be acquired, helping users analyze and
diagnose the causes of lock failures.
Currently, this option does not log failures from SELECT ... SKIP LOCKED,
as that could generate excessive log messages if many locks are skipped,
causing unnecessary noise.
This mechanism can be extended in the future to support for logging
lock failures from other commands, such as LOCK TABLE ... NOWAIT.
Author: Yuki Seino <seinoyu@oss.nttdata.com>
Co-authored-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Jelte Fennema-Nio <postgres@jeltef.nl>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/411280a186cc26ef7034e0f2dfe54131@oss.nttdata.com
Add log_connections option 'setup_durations' which logs durations of
several key parts of connection establishment and backend setup.
For an incoming connection, starting from when the postmaster gets a
socket from accept() and ending when the forked child backend is first
ready for query, there are multiple steps that could each take longer
than expected due to external factors. This logging provides visibility
into authentication and fork duration as well as the end-to-end
connection establishment and backend initialization time.
To make this portable, the timings captured in the postmaster (socket
creation time, fork initiation time) are passed through the
BackendStartupData.
Author: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Reviewed-by: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Jelte Fennema-Nio <postgres@jeltef.nl>
Reviewed-by: Guillaume Lelarge <guillaume.lelarge@dalibo.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/flat/CAAKRu_b_smAHK0ZjrnL5GRxnAVWujEXQWpLXYzGbmpcZd3nLYw%40mail.gmail.com
Convert the boolean log_connections GUC into a list GUC comprised of the
connection aspects to log.
This gives users more control over the volume and kind of connection
logging.
The current log_connections options are 'receipt', 'authentication', and
'authorization'. The empty string disables all connection logging. 'all'
enables all available connection logging.
For backwards compatibility, the most common values for the
log_connections boolean are still supported (on, off, 1, 0, true, false,
yes, no). Note that previously supported substrings of on, off, true,
false, yes, and no are no longer supported.
Author: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Fujii Masao <masao.fujii@oss.nttdata.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/flat/CAAKRu_b_smAHK0ZjrnL5GRxnAVWujEXQWpLXYzGbmpcZd3nLYw%40mail.gmail.com
Calculate the insert threshold for triggering an autovacuum of a
relation based on the number of unfrozen pages.
By only considering the unfrozen portion of the table when calculating
how many tuples to add to the insert threshold, we can trigger more
frequent vacuums of insert-heavy tables. This increases the chances of
vacuuming those pages when they still reside in shared buffers
This also increases the number of autovacuums triggered by tuples
inserted and not by wraparound risk. We prefer to freeze these pages
during insert-triggered autovacuums, as anti-wraparound vacuums are not
automatically canceled by conflicting lock requests.
We calculate the unfrozen percentage of the table using the recently
added (99f8f3fbbc8f) relallfrozen column of pg_class.
Author: Melanie Plageman <melanieplageman@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Greg Sabino Mullane <htamfids@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Treat <rob@xzilla.net>
Reviewed-by: wenhui qiu <qiuwenhuifx@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/flat/CAAKRu_aj-P7YyBz_cPNwztz6ohP%2BvWis%3Diz3YcomkB3NpYA--w%40mail.gmail.com
This commit is a rework of 2421e9a51d20, about which Andres Freund has
raised some concerns as it is valuable to have both track_io_timing and
track_wal_io_timing in some cases, as the WAL write and fsync paths can
be a major bottleneck for some workloads. Hence, it can be relevant to
not calculate the WAL timings in environments where pg_test_timing
performs poorly while capturing some IO data under track_io_timing for
the non-WAL IO paths. The opposite can be also true: it should be
possible to disable the non-WAL timings and enable the WAL timings (the
previous GUC setups allowed this possibility).
track_wal_io_timing is added back in this commit, controlling if WAL
timings should be calculated in pg_stat_io for the read, fsync and write
paths, as done previously with pg_stat_wal. pg_stat_wal previously
tracked only the sync and write parts (now removed), read stats is new
data tracked in pg_stat_io, all three are aggregated if
track_wal_io_timing is enabled. The read part matters during recovery
or if a XLogReader is used.
Extra note: more control over if the types of timings calculated in
pg_stat_io could be done with a GUC that lists pairs of (IOObject,IOOp).
Reported-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Michael Paquier <michael@paquier.xyz>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/3opf2wh2oljco6ldyqf7ukabw3jijnnhno6fjb4mlu6civ5h24@fcwmhsgmlmzu
The four following attributes are removed from pg_stat_wal:
* wal_write
* wal_sync
* wal_write_time
* wal_sync_time
a051e71e28a1 has added an equivalent of this information in pg_stat_io
with more granularity as this now spreads across the backend types, IO
context and IO objects. So, keeping the same information in pg_stat_wal
has little benefits.
Another benefit of this commit is the removal of PendingWalStats,
simplifying an upcoming patch to add per-backend WAL statistics, which
already support IO statistics and which have access to the write/sync
stats data of WAL.
The GUC track_wal_io_timing, that was used to enable or disable the
aggregation of the write and sync timings for WAL, is also removed.
pgstat_prepare_io_time() is simplified.
Bump catalog version.
Bump PGSTAT_FILE_FORMAT_ID, due to the update of PgStat_WalStats.
Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/Z7RkQ0EfYaqqjgz/@ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
This commit implements OAUTHBEARER, RFC 7628, and OAuth 2.0 Device
Authorization Grants, RFC 8628. In order to use this there is a
new pg_hba auth method called oauth. When speaking to a OAuth-
enabled server, it looks a bit like this:
$ psql 'host=example.org oauth_issuer=... oauth_client_id=...'
Visit https://oauth.example.org/login and enter the code: FPQ2-M4BG
Device authorization is currently the only supported flow so the
OAuth issuer must support that in order for users to authenticate.
Third-party clients may however extend this and provide their own
flows. The built-in device authorization flow is currently not
supported on Windows.
In order for validation to happen server side a new framework for
plugging in OAuth validation modules is added. As validation is
implementation specific, with no default specified in the standard,
PostgreSQL does not ship with one built-in. Each pg_hba entry can
specify a specific validator or be left blank for the validator
installed as default.
This adds a requirement on libcurl for the client side support,
which is optional to build, but the server side has no additional
build requirements. In order to run the tests, Python is required
as this adds a https server written in Python. Tests are gated
behind PG_TEST_EXTRA as they open ports.
This patch has been a multi-year project with many contributors
involved with reviews and in-depth discussions: Michael Paquier,
Heikki Linnakangas, Zhihong Yu, Mahendrakar Srinivasarao, Andrey
Chudnovsky and Stephen Frost to name a few. While Jacob Champion
is the main author there have been some levels of hacking by others.
Daniel Gustafsson contributed the validation module and various bits
and pieces; Thomas Munro wrote the client side support for kqueue.
Author: Jacob Champion <jacob.champion@enterprisedb.com>
Co-authored-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Co-authored-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Daniel Gustafsson <daniel@yesql.se>
Reviewed-by: Peter Eisentraut <peter@eisentraut.org>
Reviewed-by: Antonin Houska <ah@cybertec.at>
Reviewed-by: Kashif Zeeshan <kashi.zeeshan@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/d1b467a78e0e36ed85a09adf979d04cf124a9d4b.camel@vmware.com
This commit introduces idle_replication_slot_timeout GUC that allows
inactive slots to be invalidated at the time of checkpoint. Because
checkpoints happen checkpoint_timeout intervals, there can be some lag
between when the idle_replication_slot_timeout was exceeded and when the
slot invalidation is triggered at the next checkpoint. To avoid such lags,
users can force a checkpoint to promptly invalidate inactive slots.
Note that the idle timeout invalidation mechanism is not applicable for
slots that do not reserve WAL or for slots on the standby server that are
synced from the primary server (i.e., standby slots having 'synced' field
'true'). Synced slots are always considered to be inactive because they
don't perform logical decoding to produce changes.
The slots can become inactive for a long period if a subscriber is down
due to a system error or inaccessible because of network issues. If such a
situation persists, it might be more practical to recreate the subscriber
rather than attempt to recover the node and wait for it to catch up which
could be time-consuming.
Then, external tools could create replication slots (e.g., for migrations
or upgrades) that may fail to remove them if an error occurs, leaving
behind unused slots that take up space and resources. Manually cleaning
them up can be tedious and error-prone, and without intervention, these
lingering slots can cause unnecessary WAL retention and system bloat.
As the duration of idle_replication_slot_timeout is in minutes, any test
using that would be time-consuming. We are planning to commit a follow up
patch for tests by using the injection point framework.
Author: Nisha Moond <nisha.moond412@gmail.com>
Author: Bharath Rupireddy <bharath.rupireddyforpostgres@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Peter Smith <smithpb2250@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hayato Kuroda <kuroda.hayato@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Amit Kapila <amit.kapila16@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Hou Zhijie <houzj.fnst@fujitsu.com>
Reviewed-by: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/CALj2ACW4aUe-_uFQOjdWCEN-xXoLGhmvRFnL8SNw_TZ5nJe+aw@mail.gmail.com
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/OS0PR01MB5716C131A7D80DAE8CB9E88794FC2@OS0PR01MB5716.jpnprd01.prod.outlook.com
The Self-Join Elimination (SJE) feature removes an inner join of a plain
table to itself in the query tree if it is proven that the join can be
replaced with a scan without impacting the query result. Self-join and
inner relation get replaced with the outer in query, equivalence classes,
and planner info structures. Also, the inner restrictlist moves to the
outer one with the removal of duplicated clauses. Thus, this optimization
reduces the length of the range table list (this especially makes sense for
partitioned relations), reduces the number of restriction clauses and,
in turn, selectivity estimations, and potentially improves total planner
prediction for the query.
This feature is dedicated to avoiding redundancy, which can appear after
pull-up transformations or the creation of an EquivalenceClass-derived clause
like the below.
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE x IN (SELECT t3.x FROM t1 t3);
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE EXISTS (SELECT t3.x FROM t1 t3 WHERE t3.x = t1.x);
SELECT * FROM t1,t2, t1 t3 WHERE t1.x = t2.x AND t2.x = t3.x;
In the future, we could also reduce redundancy caused by subquery pull-up
after unnecessary outer join removal in cases like the one below.
SELECT * FROM t1 WHERE x IN
(SELECT t3.x FROM t1 t3 LEFT JOIN t2 ON t2.x = t1.x);
Also, it can drastically help to join partitioned tables, removing entries
even before their expansion.
The SJE proof is based on innerrel_is_unique() machinery.
We can remove a self-join when for each outer row:
1. At most, one inner row matches the join clause;
2. Each matched inner row must be (physically) the same as the outer one;
3. Inner and outer rows have the same row mark.
In this patch, we use the next approach to identify a self-join:
1. Collect all merge-joinable join quals which look like a.x = b.x;
2. Add to the list above the baseretrictinfo of the inner table;
3. Check innerrel_is_unique() for the qual list. If it returns false, skip
this pair of joining tables;
4. Check uniqueness, proved by the baserestrictinfo clauses. To prove the
possibility of self-join elimination, the inner and outer clauses must
match exactly.
The relation replacement procedure is not trivial and is partly combined
with the one used to remove useless left joins. Tests covering this feature
were added to join.sql. Some of the existing regression tests changed due
to self-join removal logic.
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/flat/64486b0b-0404-e39e-322d-0801154901f3%40postgrespro.ru
Author: Andrey Lepikhov <a.lepikhov@postgrespro.ru>
Author: Alexander Kuzmenkov <a.kuzmenkov@postgrespro.ru>
Co-authored-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Alena Rybakina <lena.ribackina@yandex.ru>
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Simon Riggs <simon@2ndquadrant.com>
Reviewed-by: Jonathan S. Katz <jkatz@postgresql.org>
Reviewed-by: David Rowley <david.rowley@2ndquadrant.com>
Reviewed-by: Thomas Munro <thomas.munro@enterprisedb.com>
Reviewed-by: Konstantin Knizhnik <k.knizhnik@postgrespro.ru>
Reviewed-by: Heikki Linnakangas <hlinnaka@iki.fi>
Reviewed-by: Hywel Carver <hywel@skillerwhale.com>
Reviewed-by: Laurenz Albe <laurenz.albe@cybertec.at>
Reviewed-by: Ronan Dunklau <ronan.dunklau@aiven.io>
Reviewed-by: vignesh C <vignesh21@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Zhihong Yu <zyu@yugabyte.com>
Reviewed-by: Greg Stark <stark@mit.edu>
Reviewed-by: Jaime Casanova <jcasanov@systemguards.com.ec>
Reviewed-by: Michał Kłeczek <michal@kleczek.org>
Reviewed-by: Alena Rybakina <lena.ribackina@yandex.ru>
Reviewed-by: Alexander Korotkov <aekorotkov@gmail.com>
Commit bb8dff9995 added this information to the
pg_stat_progress_vacuum and pg_stat_progress_analyze system views.
This commit adds the same information to the output of VACUUM and
ANALYZE with the VERBOSE option and to the autovacuum logs.
Suggested-by: Masahiro Ikeda <ikedamsh@oss.nttdata.com>
Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ZmaXmWDL829fzAVX%40ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
This commit adds the amount of time spent sleeping due to
cost-based delay to the pg_stat_progress_vacuum and
pg_stat_progress_analyze system views. A new configuration
parameter named track_cost_delay_timing, which is off by default,
controls whether this information is gathered. For vacuum, the
reported value includes the sleep time of any associated parallel
workers. However, parallel workers only report their sleep time
once per second to avoid overloading the leader process.
Bumps catversion.
Author: Bertrand Drouvot <bertranddrouvot.pg@gmail.com>
Co-authored-by: Nathan Bossart <nathandbossart@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sami Imseih <samimseih@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Masahiro Ikeda <ikedamsh@oss.nttdata.com>
Reviewed-by: Dilip Kumar <dilipbalaut@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Sergei Kornilov <sk@zsrv.org>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/ZmaXmWDL829fzAVX%40ip-10-97-1-34.eu-west-3.compute.internal
Aggressive vacuums must scan every unfrozen tuple in order to advance
the relfrozenxid/relminmxid. Because data is often vacuumed before it is
old enough to require freezing, relations may build up a large backlog
of pages that are set all-visible but not all-frozen in the visibility
map. When an aggressive vacuum is triggered, all of these pages must be
scanned. These pages have often been evicted from shared buffers and
even from the kernel buffer cache. Thus, aggressive vacuums often incur
large amounts of extra I/O at the expense of foreground workloads.
To amortize the cost of aggressive vacuums, eagerly scan some
all-visible but not all-frozen pages during normal vacuums.
All-visible pages that are eagerly scanned and set all-frozen in the
visibility map are counted as successful eager freezes and those not
frozen are counted as failed eager freezes.
If too many eager scans fail in a row, eager scanning is temporarily
suspended until a later portion of the relation. The number of failures
tolerated is configurable globally and per table.
To effectively amortize aggressive vacuums, we cap the number of
successes as well. Capping eager freeze successes also limits the amount
of potentially wasted work if these pages are modified again before the
next aggressive vacuum. Once we reach the maximum number of blocks
successfully eager frozen, eager scanning is disabled for the remainder
of the vacuum of the relation.
Original design idea from Robert Haas, with enhancements from
Andres Freund, Tomas Vondra, and me
Reviewed-by: Robert Haas <robertmhaas@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Masahiko Sawada <sawada.mshk@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Andres Freund <andres@anarazel.de>
Reviewed-by: Robert Treat <rob@xzilla.net>
Reviewed-by: Bilal Yavuz <byavuz81@gmail.com>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/flat/CAAKRu_ZF_KCzZuOrPrOqjGVe8iRVWEAJSpzMgRQs%3D5-v84cXUg%40mail.gmail.com
"I/O" seems more descriptive than "Asynchronous Behavior", given that some of
the GUCs in the section don't relate to anything asynchronous.
Most other abbreviations in the config sections are un-abbreviated, but
"Input/Output" seems less likely to be helpful than just IO or I/O.
Reviewed-by: Tom Lane <tgl@sss.pgh.pa.us>
Discussion: https://postgr.es/m/x3tlw2jk5gm3r3mv47hwrshffyw7halpczkfbk3peksxds7bvc@lguk43z3bsyq
