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More minor updates and copy-editing.

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Tom Lane 2005-01-04 03:58:16 +00:00
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9
doc/src/sgml/ref/ipcclean.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/ipcclean.sgml,v 1.10 2003/11/29 19:51:39 pgsql Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/ipcclean.sgml,v 1.11 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<refnamediv> <refnamediv>
<refname>ipcclean</refname> <refname>ipcclean</refname>
<refpurpose>remove shared memory and semaphores from an aborted <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server</refpurpose> <refpurpose>remove shared memory and semaphores from a failed <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server</refpurpose>
</refnamediv> </refnamediv>
<indexterm zone="app-ipcclean"> <indexterm zone="app-ipcclean">
@ -59,10 +59,11 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
The script makes assumption about the format of output of the The script makes assumptions about the output format of the
<command>ipcs</command> <command>ipcs</command>
utility which may not be true across different operating systems. utility which may not be true across different operating systems.
Therefore, it may not work on your particular OS. Therefore, it may not work on your particular OS. It's wise to
look at the script before trying it.
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>

4
doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_config-ref.sgml
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@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_config-ref.sgml,v 1.18 2004/08/02 12:34:14 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_config-ref.sgml,v 1.19 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $ -->
<refentry id="app-pgconfig"> <refentry id="app-pgconfig">
<refmeta> <refmeta>
@ -153,7 +153,7 @@
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
In releases prior to <productname>PostgreSQL</> 7.1, before the In releases prior to <productname>PostgreSQL</> 7.1, before
<command>pg_config</command> came to be, a method for finding the <command>pg_config</command> came to be, a method for finding the
equivalent configuration information did not exist. equivalent configuration information did not exist.
</para> </para>

165
doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml,v 1.74 2004/10/21 22:48:54 tgl Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dump.sgml,v 1.75 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -45,21 +45,24 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
Dumps can be output in script or archive file formats. The script Dumps can be output in script or archive file formats. Script
files are in plain-text format and contain the SQL commands required dumps are plain-text files containing the SQL commands required
to reconstruct the database to the state it was in at the time it was to reconstruct the database to the state it was in at the time it was
saved. To restore these scripts, use <xref linkend="app-psql">. They saved. To restore from such a script, feed it to <xref
linkend="app-psql">. Script files
can be used to reconstruct the database even on other machines and can be used to reconstruct the database even on other machines and
other architectures, with some modifications even on other SQL other architectures; with some modifications even on other SQL
database products. database products.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
The alternative archive file formats that are meant to be used with The alternative archive file formats must be used with
<xref linkend="app-pgrestore"> to rebuild the database, and they also <xref linkend="app-pgrestore"> to rebuild the database. They
allow <application>pg_restore</application> to be selective about allow <application>pg_restore</application> to be selective about
what is restored, or even to reorder the items prior to being what is restored, or even to reorder the items prior to being
restored. The archive files are also designed to be portable across restored. The archive formats also allow saving and restoring
<quote>large objects</>, which is not possible in a script dump.
The archive files are also designed to be portable across
architectures. architectures.
</para> </para>
@ -76,7 +79,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
by default. The <application>tar</application> format by default. The <application>tar</application> format
(<option>-Ft</option>) is not compressed and it is not possible to (<option>-Ft</option>) is not compressed and it is not possible to
reorder data when loading, but it is otherwise quite flexible; reorder data when loading, but it is otherwise quite flexible;
moreover, it can be manipulated with other tools such as moreover, it can be manipulated with standard Unix tools such as
<command>tar</command>. <command>tar</command>.
</para> </para>
@ -92,17 +95,18 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<title>Options</title> <title>Options</title>
<para> <para>
The following command-line options are used to control the output format. The following command-line options control the content and
format of the output.
<variablelist> <variablelist>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></term> <term><replaceable class="parameter">dbname</replaceable></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the name of the database to be dumped. If this is Specifies the name of the database to be dumped. If this is
not specified, the environment variable not specified, the environment variable
<envar>PGDATABASE</envar> is used. If that is not set, the <envar>PGDATABASE</envar> is used. If that is not set, the
user name specified for the connection is used. user name specified for the connection is used.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -112,12 +116,12 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--data-only</></term> <term><option>--data-only</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump only the data, not the object definitions (schema) Dump only the data, not the schema (data definitions).
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format. For This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format. For
the other formats, you may specify the option when you the archive formats, you may specify the option when you
call <command>pg_restore</command>. call <command>pg_restore</command>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -128,7 +132,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--blobs</></term> <term><option>--blobs</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Include large objects in dump. Include large objects in the dump. A non-text output format
must be selected.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -139,12 +144,12 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Output commands to clean (drop) Output commands to clean (drop)
database objects prior to (the commands for) creating them. database objects prior to (the commands for) creating them.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format. For This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format. For
the other formats, you may specify the option when you the archive formats, you may specify the option when you
call <command>pg_restore</command>. call <command>pg_restore</command>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -155,15 +160,15 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--create</></term> <term><option>--create</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Begin the output with a command to create the Begin the output with a command to create the
database itself and reconnect to the created database. (With a database itself and reconnect to the created database. (With a
script of this form, it doesn't matter which database you connect script of this form, it doesn't matter which database you connect
to before running the script.) to before running the script.)
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format. For This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format. For
the other formats, you may specify the option when you the archive formats, you may specify the option when you
call <command>pg_restore</command>. call <command>pg_restore</command>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -174,12 +179,12 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--inserts</option></term> <term><option>--inserts</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands (rather Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands (rather
than <command>COPY</command>). This will make restoration very slow; than <command>COPY</command>). This will make restoration very slow;
it is mainly useful for making dumps that can be loaded into it is mainly useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases. Note that non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases. Note that
the restore may fail altogether if you have rearranged column order. the restore may fail altogether if you have rearranged column order.
The <option>-D</option> option is safer, though even slower. The <option>-D</option> option is safer, though even slower.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -190,13 +195,13 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--attribute-inserts</option></term> <term><option>--attribute-inserts</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands with explicit Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands with explicit
column names (<literal>INSERT INTO column names (<literal>INSERT INTO
<replaceable>table</replaceable> <replaceable>table</replaceable>
(<replaceable>column</replaceable>, ...) VALUES (<replaceable>column</replaceable>, ...) VALUES
...</literal>). This will make restoration very slow; it is mainly ...</literal>). This will make restoration very slow; it is mainly
useful for making dumps that can be loaded into useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases. non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -206,8 +211,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--file=<replaceable class="parameter">file</replaceable></option></term> <term><option>--file=<replaceable class="parameter">file</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Send output to the specified file. If this is omitted, the Send output to the specified file. If this is omitted, the
standard output is used. standard output is used.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -218,7 +223,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Selects the format of the output. Selects the format of the output.
<replaceable>format</replaceable> can be one of the following: <replaceable>format</replaceable> can be one of the following:
<variablelist> <variablelist>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
@ -295,7 +300,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<para> <para>
In this mode, <application>pg_dump</application> makes no In this mode, <application>pg_dump</application> makes no
attempt to dump any other database objects that objects in the attempt to dump any other database objects that objects in the
selected schema may depend upon. Therefore, there is no selected schema may depend upon. Therefore, there is no
guarantee that the results of a single-schema dump can be guarantee that the results of a single-schema dump can be
successfully restored by themselves into a clean database. successfully restored by themselves into a clean database.
</para> </para>
@ -308,10 +313,11 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--oids</></term> <term><option>--oids</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump object identifiers (<acronym>OID</acronym>s) for every Dump object identifiers (<acronym>OID</acronym>s) as part of the
table. Use this option if your application references the <acronym>OID</> data for every table. Use this option if your application references
columns in some way (e.g., in a foreign key constraint). the <acronym>OID</>
Otherwise, this option should not be used. columns in some way (e.g., in a foreign key constraint).
Otherwise, this option should not be used.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -322,20 +328,21 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Do not output commands to set Do not output commands to set
ownership of objects to match the original database. ownership of objects to match the original database.
By default, <application>pg_dump</application> issues By default, <application>pg_dump</application> issues
<command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command> <command>ALTER OWNER</> or
statements to set ownership of created database objects. <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
These statements statements to set ownership of created database objects.
will fail when the script is run unless it is started by a superuser These statements
(or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script). will fail when the script is run unless it is started by a superuser
To make a script that can be restored by any user, but will give (or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script).
that user ownership of all the objects, specify <option>-O</>. To make a script that can be restored by any user, but will give
that user ownership of all the objects, specify <option>-O</>.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format. For This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format. For
the other formats, you may specify the option when you the archive formats, you may specify the option when you
call <command>pg_restore</command>. call <command>pg_restore</command>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -347,7 +354,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This option is obsolete but still accepted for backwards This option is obsolete but still accepted for backwards
compatibility. compatibility.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -357,7 +364,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--schema-only</option></term> <term><option>--schema-only</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump only the object definitions (schema), not data. Dump only the object definitions (schema), not data.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -368,9 +375,9 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers. Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers.
This is only relevant if <option>--disable-triggers</> is used. This is only relevant if <option>--disable-triggers</> is used.
(Usually, it's better to leave this out, and instead start the (Usually, it's better to leave this out, and instead start the
resulting script as superuser.) resulting script as superuser.)
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -380,18 +387,18 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--table=<replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable></option></term> <term><option>--table=<replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump data for <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable> Dump data for <replaceable class="parameter">table</replaceable>
only. It is possible for there to be only. It is possible for there to be
multiple tables with the same name in different schemas; if that multiple tables with the same name in different schemas; if that
is the case, all matching tables will be dumped. Specify both is the case, all matching tables will be dumped. Specify both
<option>--schema</> and <option>--table</> to select just one table. <option>--schema</> and <option>--table</> to select just one table.
</para> </para>
<note> <note>
<para> <para>
In this mode, <application>pg_dump</application> makes no In this mode, <application>pg_dump</application> makes no
attempt to dump any other database objects that the selected table attempt to dump any other database objects that the selected table
may depend upon. Therefore, there is no guarantee may depend upon. Therefore, there is no guarantee
that the results of a single-table dump can be successfully that the results of a single-table dump can be successfully
restored by themselves into a clean database. restored by themselves into a clean database.
</para> </para>
@ -404,8 +411,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--verbose</></term> <term><option>--verbose</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies verbose mode. This will cause Specifies verbose mode. This will cause
<application>pg_dump</application> to output detailed object <application>pg_dump</application> to output detailed object
comments and start/stop times to the dump file, and progress comments and start/stop times to the dump file, and progress
messages to standard error. messages to standard error.
</para> </para>
@ -418,7 +425,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--no-acl</></term> <term><option>--no-acl</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Prevent dumping of access privileges (grant/revoke commands). Prevent dumping of access privileges (grant/revoke commands).
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -456,7 +463,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<para> <para>
This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format. For This option is only meaningful for the plain-text format. For
the other formats, you may specify the option when you the archive formats, you may specify the option when you
call <command>pg_restore</command>. call <command>pg_restore</command>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -467,10 +474,10 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--use-set-session-authorization</></term> <term><option>--use-set-session-authorization</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Output SQL standard SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead Output SQL standard SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead
of OWNER TO commands. This makes the dump more standards compatible, of OWNER TO commands. This makes the dump more standards compatible,
but depending on the history of the objects in the dump, may not but depending on the history of the objects in the dump, may not
restore properly. restore properly.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -512,10 +519,10 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term> <term><option>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
extension on which the server is listening for connections. extension on which the server is listening for connections.
Defaults to the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment variable, if Defaults to the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment variable, if
set, or a compiled-in default. set, or a compiled-in default.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -619,7 +626,7 @@ CREATE DATABASE foo WITH TEMPLATE template0;
<para> <para>
Members of tar archives are limited to a size less than 8 GB. Members of tar archives are limited to a size less than 8 GB.
(This is an inherent limitation of the tar file format.) Therefore (This is an inherent limitation of the tar file format.) Therefore
this format cannot be used if the textual representation of a table this format cannot be used if the textual representation of any one table
exceeds that size. The total size of a tar archive and any of the exceeds that size. The total size of a tar archive and any of the
other output formats is not limited, except possibly by the other output formats is not limited, except possibly by the
operating system. operating system.

106
doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dumpall.sgml
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@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dumpall.sgml,v 1.46 2004/07/19 21:39:46 momjian Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_dumpall.sgml,v 1.47 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -68,7 +68,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<para> <para>
<application>pg_dumpall</application> needs to connect several <application>pg_dumpall</application> needs to connect several
times to the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server and might be asking for times to the <productname>PostgreSQL</productname> server (once per
database). If you use password authentication it is likely to ask for
a password each time. It is convenient to have a a password each time. It is convenient to have a
<filename>$HOME/.pgpass</> file in such cases. <filename>$HOME/.pgpass</> file in such cases.
</para> </para>
@ -79,7 +80,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<title>Options</title> <title>Options</title>
<para> <para>
The following command-line options are used to control the content and The following command-line options control the content and
format of the output. format of the output.
<variablelist> <variablelist>
@ -88,7 +89,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--data-only</></term> <term><option>--data-only</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump only the data, not the schema (data definitions). Dump only the data, not the schema (data definitions).
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -98,8 +99,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--clean</option></term> <term><option>--clean</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Include SQL commands to clean (drop) the databases before Include SQL commands to clean (drop) the databases before
recreating them. recreating them.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -109,10 +110,12 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--inserts</option></term> <term><option>--inserts</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands (rather Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands (rather
than <command>COPY</command>). This will make restoration very than <command>COPY</command>). This will make restoration very slow;
slow, but it makes the output more portable to other SQL database it is mainly useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
management systems. non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases. Note that
the restore may fail altogether if you have rearranged column order.
The <option>-D</option> option is safer, though even slower.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -123,12 +126,13 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--attribute-inserts</option></term> <term><option>--attribute-inserts</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands with explicit Dump data as <command>INSERT</command> commands with explicit
column names (<literal>INSERT INTO column names (<literal>INSERT INTO
<replaceable>table</replaceable> <replaceable>table</replaceable>
(<replaceable>column</replaceable>, ...) VALUES (<replaceable>column</replaceable>, ...) VALUES
...</literal>). This will make restoration very slow, ...</literal>). This will make restoration very slow; it is mainly
but it is necessary if you desire to rearrange column ordering. useful for making dumps that can be loaded into
non-<productname>PostgreSQL</productname> databases.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -138,7 +142,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--globals-only</option></term> <term><option>--globals-only</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump only global objects (users and groups), no databases. Dump only global objects (users and groups), no databases.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -168,10 +172,11 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--oids</></term> <term><option>--oids</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump object identifiers (<acronym>OID</acronym>s) for every Dump object identifiers (<acronym>OID</acronym>s) as part of the
table. Use this option if your application references the OID data for every table. Use this option if your application references
columns in some way (e.g., in a foreign key constraint). the <acronym>OID</>
Otherwise, this option should not be used. columns in some way (e.g., in a foreign key constraint).
Otherwise, this option should not be used.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -182,15 +187,16 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Do not output commands to set Do not output commands to set
ownership of objects to match the original database. ownership of objects to match the original database.
By default, <application>pg_dumpall</application> issues By default, <application>pg_dumpall</application> issues
<command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command> <command>ALTER OWNER</> or
statements to set ownership of created schema elements. <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
These statements statements to set ownership of created schema elements.
will fail when the script is run unless it is started by a superuser These statements
(or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script). will fail when the script is run unless it is started by a superuser
To make a script that can be restored by any user, but will give (or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script).
that user ownership of all the objects, specify <option>-O</>. To make a script that can be restored by any user, but will give
that user ownership of all the objects, specify <option>-O</>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -200,7 +206,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--schema-only</option></term> <term><option>--schema-only</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Dump only the schema (data definitions), no data. Dump only the object definitions (schema), not data.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -211,9 +217,9 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers. Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers.
This is only relevant if <option>--disable-triggers</> is used. This is only relevant if <option>--disable-triggers</> is used.
(Usually, it's better to leave this out, and instead start the (Usually, it's better to leave this out, and instead start the
resulting script as superuser.) resulting script as superuser.)
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -223,8 +229,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--verbose</></term> <term><option>--verbose</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies verbose mode. This will cause Specifies verbose mode. This will cause
<application>pg_dumpall</application> to output start/stop <application>pg_dumpall</application> to output start/stop
times to the dump file, and progress messages to standard error. times to the dump file, and progress messages to standard error.
It will also enable verbose output in <application>pg_dump</>. It will also enable verbose output in <application>pg_dump</>.
</para> </para>
@ -237,7 +243,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--no-acl</></term> <term><option>--no-acl</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Prevent dumping of access privileges (grant/revoke commands). Prevent dumping of access privileges (grant/revoke commands).
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -280,10 +286,10 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--use-set-session-authorization</></term> <term><option>--use-set-session-authorization</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Output SQL standard SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead Output SQL standard SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead
of OWNER TO commands. This makes the dump more standards compatible, of OWNER TO commands. This makes the dump more standards compatible,
but depending on the history of the objects in the dump, may not but depending on the history of the objects in the dump, may not
restore properly. restore properly.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -299,11 +305,11 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term>-h <replaceable>host</replaceable></term> <term>-h <replaceable>host</replaceable></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the host name of the machine on which the database Specifies the host name of the machine on which the database
server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is server is running. If the value begins with a slash, it is
used as the directory for the Unix domain socket. The default used as the directory for the Unix domain socket. The default
is taken from the <envar>PGHOST</envar> environment variable, is taken from the <envar>PGHOST</envar> environment variable,
if set, else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted. if set, else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -312,10 +318,10 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term>-p <replaceable>port</replaceable></term> <term>-p <replaceable>port</replaceable></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
extension on which the server is listening for connections. extension on which the server is listening for connections.
Defaults to the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment variable, if Defaults to the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment variable, if
set, or a compiled-in default. set, or a compiled-in default.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>

93
doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml
View File

@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
<!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml,v 1.48 2004/08/20 04:20:22 momjian Exp $ --> <!-- $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/pg_restore.sgml,v 1.49 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $ -->
<refentry id="APP-PGRESTORE"> <refentry id="APP-PGRESTORE">
<refmeta> <refmeta>
@ -88,7 +88,7 @@
<term><option>--data-only</option></term> <term><option>--data-only</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Restore only the data, not the schema (data definitions). Restore only the data, not the schema (data definitions).
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -98,7 +98,7 @@
<term><option>--clean</option></term> <term><option>--clean</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Clean (drop) database objects before recreating them. Clean (drop) database objects before recreating them.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -158,10 +158,10 @@
<term><option>--format=<replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable></option></term> <term><option>--format=<replaceable class="parameter">format</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specify format of the archive. It is not necessary to specify Specify format of the archive. It is not necessary to specify
the format, since <application>pg_restore</application> will the format, since <application>pg_restore</application> will
determine the format automatically. If specified, it can be determine the format automatically. If specified, it can be
one of the following: one of the following:
<variablelist> <variablelist>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
@ -198,7 +198,7 @@
<term><option>--ignore-version</option></term> <term><option>--ignore-version</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Ignore database version checks. Ignore database version checks.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -208,7 +208,7 @@
<term><option>--index=<replaceable class="parameter">index</replaceable></option></term> <term><option>--index=<replaceable class="parameter">index</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Restore definition of named index only. Restore definition of named index only.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -245,15 +245,16 @@
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Do not output commands to set Do not output commands to set
ownership of objects to match the original database. ownership of objects to match the original database.
By default, <application>pg_restore</application> issues By default, <application>pg_restore</application> issues
<command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command> <command>ALTER OWNER</> or
statements to set ownership of created schema elements. <command>SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION</command>
These statements will fail unless the initial connection to the statements to set ownership of created schema elements.
database is made by a superuser These statements will fail unless the initial connection to the
(or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script). database is made by a superuser
With <option>-O</option>, any user name can be used for the (or the same user that owns all of the objects in the script).
initial connection, and this user will own all the created objects. With <option>-O</option>, any user name can be used for the
initial connection, and this user will own all the created objects.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -264,8 +265,8 @@
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Restore the named function only. Be careful to spell the function Restore the named function only. Be careful to spell the function
name and arguments exactly as they appear in the dump file's table name and arguments exactly as they appear in the dump file's table
of contents. of contents.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -276,7 +277,7 @@
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This option is obsolete but still accepted for backwards This option is obsolete but still accepted for backwards
compatibility. compatibility.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -298,7 +299,7 @@
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers. Specify the superuser user name to use when disabling triggers.
This is only relevant if <option>--disable-triggers</> is used. This is only relevant if <option>--disable-triggers</> is used.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -328,7 +329,7 @@
<term><option>--verbose</option></term> <term><option>--verbose</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies verbose mode. Specifies verbose mode.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -339,7 +340,7 @@
<term><option>--no-acl</option></term> <term><option>--no-acl</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Prevent restoration of access privileges (grant/revoke commands). Prevent restoration of access privileges (grant/revoke commands).
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -349,10 +350,10 @@
<term><option>--use-set-session-authorization</option></term> <term><option>--use-set-session-authorization</option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Output SQL standard SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead Output SQL standard SET SESSION AUTHORIZATION commands instead
of OWNER TO commands. This makes the dump more standards compatible, of OWNER TO commands. This makes the dump more standards compatible,
but depending on the history of the objects in the dump, may not but depending on the history of the objects in the dump, may not
restore properly. restore properly.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -363,19 +364,19 @@
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This option is only relevant when performing a data-only restore. This option is only relevant when performing a data-only restore.
It instructs <application>pg_restore</application> to execute commands It instructs <application>pg_restore</application> to execute commands
to temporarily disable triggers on the target tables while to temporarily disable triggers on the target tables while
the data is reloaded. Use this if you have referential the data is reloaded. Use this if you have referential
integrity checks or other triggers on the tables that you integrity checks or other triggers on the tables that you
do not want to invoke during data reload. do not want to invoke during data reload.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
Presently, the commands emitted for Presently, the commands emitted for
<option>--disable-triggers</> must be done as superuser. So, you <option>--disable-triggers</> must be done as superuser. So, you
should also specify a superuser name with <option>-S</>, or should also specify a superuser name with <option>-S</>, or
preferably run <application>pg_restore</application> as a preferably run <application>pg_restore</application> as a
<productname>PostgreSQL</> superuser. <productname>PostgreSQL</> superuser.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -393,11 +394,11 @@
<term><option>--host=<replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term> <term><option>--host=<replaceable class="parameter">host</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is Specifies the host name of the machine on which the server is
running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the running. If the value begins with a slash, it is used as the
directory for the Unix domain socket. The default is taken directory for the Unix domain socket. The default is taken
from the <envar>PGHOST</envar> environment variable, if set, from the <envar>PGHOST</envar> environment variable, if set,
else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted. else a Unix domain socket connection is attempted.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -407,10 +408,10 @@
<term><option>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term> <term><option>--port=<replaceable class="parameter">port</replaceable></option></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file Specifies the TCP port or local Unix domain socket file
extension on which the server is listening for connections. extension on which the server is listening for connections.
Defaults to the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment variable, if Defaults to the <envar>PGPORT</envar> environment variable, if
set, or a compiled-in default. set, or a compiled-in default.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>

62
doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml,v 1.126 2004/12/28 23:17:38 tgl Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/psql-ref.sgml,v 1.127 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--echo-all</></term> <term><option>--echo-all</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Print all the lines to the screen as they are read. This is more Print all input lines to standard output as they are read. This is more
useful for script processing rather than interactive mode. This is useful for script processing rather than interactive mode. This is
equivalent to setting the variable <varname>ECHO</varname> to equivalent to setting the variable <varname>ECHO</varname> to
<literal>all</literal>. <literal>all</literal>.
@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<replaceable class="parameter">command</replaceable> must be either <replaceable class="parameter">command</replaceable> must be either
a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e., a command string that is completely parsable by the server (i.e.,
it contains no <application>psql</application> specific features), it contains no <application>psql</application> specific features),
or it is a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix or a single backslash command. Thus you cannot mix
<acronym>SQL</acronym> and <application>psql</application> <acronym>SQL</acronym> and <application>psql</application>
meta-commands. To achieve that, you could pipe the string into meta-commands. To achieve that, you could pipe the string into
<application>psql</application>, like this: <literal>echo "\x \\ <application>psql</application>, like this: <literal>echo "\x \\
@ -119,7 +119,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--echo-queries</></term> <term><option>--echo-queries</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Show all commands that are sent to the server. This is equivalent Copy all SQL commands sent to the server to standard output as well.
This is equivalent
to setting the variable <varname>ECHO</varname> to to setting the variable <varname>ECHO</varname> to
<literal>queries</literal>. <literal>queries</literal>.
</para> </para>
@ -132,8 +133,8 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Echo the actual queries generated by <command>\d</command> and other backslash Echo the actual queries generated by <command>\d</command> and other backslash
commands. You can use this if you wish to include similar commands. You can use this to study <application>psql</application>'s
functionality into your own programs. This is equivalent to internal operations. This is equivalent to
setting the variable <varname>ECHO_HIDDEN</varname> from within setting the variable <varname>ECHO_HIDDEN</varname> from within
<application>psql</application>. <application>psql</application>.
</para> </para>
@ -214,7 +215,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--list</></term> <term><option>--list</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
List all available databases, then exits. Other non-connection List all available databases, then exit. Other non-connection
options are ignored. This is similar to the internal command options are ignored. This is similar to the internal command
<command>\list</command>. <command>\list</command>.
</para> </para>
@ -326,8 +327,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers, Turn off printing of column names and result row count footers,
etc. It is completely equivalent to the <command>\t</command> etc. This is equivalent to the <command>\t</command> command.
meta-command.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -396,7 +396,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--version</></term> <term><option>--version</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Show the <application>psql</application> version. Print the <application>psql</application> version and exit.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<term><option>--password</></term> <term><option>--password</></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Requests that <application>psql</application> should prompt for a Cause <application>psql</application> to prompt for a
password before connecting to a database. This will remain set for password before connecting to a database. This will remain set for
the entire session, even if you change the database connection the entire session, even if you change the database connection
with the meta-command <command>\connect</command>. with the meta-command <command>\connect</command>.
@ -418,7 +418,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
requests password authentication. Because this is currently based requests password authentication. Because this is currently based
on a hack, the automatic recognition might mysteriously fail, on a hack, the automatic recognition might mysteriously fail,
hence this option to force a prompt. If no password prompt is hence this option to force a prompt. If no password prompt is
issued and the server requires password authentication the issued and the server requires password authentication, the
connection attempt will fail. connection attempt will fail.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -452,7 +452,7 @@ PostgreSQL documentation
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Show help about <application>psql</application> command line Show help about <application>psql</application> command line
arguments. arguments, and exit.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -544,8 +544,8 @@ testdb=>
Ordinarily, input lines are sent to the server when a Ordinarily, input lines are sent to the server when a
command-terminating semicolon is reached. An end of line does not command-terminating semicolon is reached. An end of line does not
terminate a command. Thus commands can be spread over several lines for terminate a command. Thus commands can be spread over several lines for
clarity. If the command was sent and without error, the results of the command clarity. If the command was sent and executed without error, the results
are displayed on the screen. of the command are displayed on the screen.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
@ -563,8 +563,8 @@ testdb=>
Anything you enter in <application>psql</application> that begins Anything you enter in <application>psql</application> that begins
with an unquoted backslash is a <application>psql</application> with an unquoted backslash is a <application>psql</application>
meta-command that is processed by <application>psql</application> meta-command that is processed by <application>psql</application>
itself. These commands are what makes itself. These commands help make
<application>psql</application> interesting for administration or <application>psql</application> more useful for administration or
scripting. Meta-commands are more commonly called slash or backslash scripting. Meta-commands are more commonly called slash or backslash
commands. commands.
</para> </para>
@ -637,7 +637,7 @@ testdb=>
If the current table output format is unaligned, it is switched to aligned. If the current table output format is unaligned, it is switched to aligned.
If it is not unaligned, it is set to unaligned. This command is If it is not unaligned, it is set to unaligned. This command is
kept for backwards compatibility. See <command>\pset</command> for a kept for backwards compatibility. See <command>\pset</command> for a
general solution. more general solution.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -831,6 +831,7 @@ testdb=>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><literal>\db [ <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> ]</literal></term> <term><literal>\db [ <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\db+ [ <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> ]</literal></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
@ -991,6 +992,7 @@ testdb=>
<varlistentry> <varlistentry>
<term><literal>\dn [ <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> ]</literal></term> <term><literal>\dn [ <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> ]</literal></term>
<term><literal>\dn+ [ <replaceable class="parameter">pattern</replaceable> ]</literal></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
@ -1088,7 +1090,8 @@ testdb=>
<application>psql</application> searches the environment <application>psql</application> searches the environment
variables <envar>PSQL_EDITOR</envar>, <envar>EDITOR</envar>, and variables <envar>PSQL_EDITOR</envar>, <envar>EDITOR</envar>, and
<envar>VISUAL</envar> (in that order) for an editor to use. If <envar>VISUAL</envar> (in that order) for an editor to use. If
all of them are unset, <filename>/bin/vi</filename> is run. all of them are unset, <filename>vi</filename> is used on Unix
systems, <filename>notepad.exe</filename> on Windows systems.
</para> </para>
</tip> </tip>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -1153,9 +1156,9 @@ Tue Oct 26 21:40:57 CEST 1999
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Sends the current query input buffer to the server and Sends the current query input buffer to the server and
optionally saves the output in <replaceable optionally stores the query's output in <replaceable
class="parameter">filename</replaceable> or pipes the output class="parameter">filename</replaceable> or pipes the output
into a separate Unix shell to execute <replaceable into a separate Unix shell executing <replaceable
class="parameter">command</replaceable>. A bare class="parameter">command</replaceable>. A bare
<literal>\g</literal> is virtually equivalent to a semicolon. A <literal>\g</literal> is virtually equivalent to a semicolon. A
<literal>\g</literal> with argument is a <quote>one-shot</quote> <literal>\g</literal> with argument is a <quote>one-shot</quote>
@ -1582,7 +1585,7 @@ lo_import 152801
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
This command is identical to <command>\echo</command> except This command is identical to <command>\echo</command> except
that all output will be written to the query output channel, as that the output will be written to the query output channel, as
set by <command>\o</command>. set by <command>\o</command>.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
@ -1921,7 +1924,7 @@ bar
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
If set to <literal>all</literal>, all lines If set to <literal>all</literal>, all lines
entered or from a script are written to the standard output entered from the keyboard or from a script are written to the standard output
before they are parsed or executed. To select this behavior on program before they are parsed or executed. To select this behavior on program
start-up, use the switch <option>-a</option>. If set to start-up, use the switch <option>-a</option>. If set to
<literal>queries</literal>, <literal>queries</literal>,
@ -2307,11 +2310,12 @@ testdb=> <userinput>\set content '\'' `sed -e "s/'/\\\\\\'/g" < my_file.txt` '\'
disconnected from the database (which can happen if disconnected from the database (which can happen if
<command>\connect</command> fails). In prompt 2 the sequence is <command>\connect</command> fails). In prompt 2 the sequence is
replaced by <literal>-</literal>, <literal>*</literal>, a single quote, replaced by <literal>-</literal>, <literal>*</literal>, a single quote,
or a double quote, depending on whether a double quote, or a dollar sign, depending on whether
<application>psql</application> expects more input because the <application>psql</application> expects more input because the
command wasn't terminated yet, because you are inside a command wasn't terminated yet, because you are inside a
<literal>/* ... */</literal> comment, or because you are inside <literal>/* ... */</literal> comment, or because you are inside
a quote. In prompt 3 the sequence doesn't produce anything. a quoted or dollar-escaped string. In prompt 3 the sequence doesn't
produce anything.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -2416,7 +2420,7 @@ testdb=> \set PROMPT1 '%[%033[1;33;40m%]%n@%/%R%[%033[0m%#%] '
<application>psql</application> starts up. Tab-completion is also <application>psql</application> starts up. Tab-completion is also
supported, although the completion logic makes no claim to be an supported, although the completion logic makes no claim to be an
<acronym>SQL</acronym> parser. If for some reason you do not like the tab completion, you <acronym>SQL</acronym> parser. If for some reason you do not like the tab completion, you
can turn if off by putting this in a file named can turn it off by putting this in a file named
<filename>.inputrc</filename> in your home directory: <filename>.inputrc</filename> in your home directory:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
$if psql $if psql
@ -2625,8 +2629,8 @@ Field separator is "oo".
<programlisting> <programlisting>
testdb=> <userinput>CREATE TABLE my_table (</userinput> testdb=> <userinput>CREATE TABLE my_table (</userinput>
testdb(> <userinput> first integer not null default 0,</userinput> testdb(> <userinput> first integer not null default 0,</userinput>
testdb(> <userinput> second text</userinput> testdb(> <userinput> second text)</userinput>
testdb-> <userinput>);</userinput> testdb-> <userinput>;</userinput>
CREATE TABLE CREATE TABLE
</programlisting> </programlisting>
Now look at the table definition again: Now look at the table definition again:
@ -2657,7 +2661,7 @@ peter@localhost testdb=> SELECT * FROM my_table;
(4 rows) (4 rows)
</programlisting> </programlisting>
You can make this table look differently by using the You can display tables in different ways by using the
<command>\pset</command> command: <command>\pset</command> command:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
peter@localhost testdb=> <userinput>\pset border 2</userinput> peter@localhost testdb=> <userinput>\pset border 2</userinput>

102
doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml,v 1.78 2004/11/27 21:27:07 petere Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/select.sgml,v 1.79 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -81,6 +81,16 @@ where <replaceable class="parameter">from_item</replaceable> can be one of:
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The actual output rows are computed using the
<command>SELECT</command> output expressions for each selected
row. (See
<xref linkend="sql-select-list" endterm="sql-select-list-title">
below.)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Using the operators <literal>UNION</literal>, Using the operators <literal>UNION</literal>,
@ -100,16 +110,6 @@ where <replaceable class="parameter">from_item</replaceable> can be one of:
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
<listitem>
<para>
The actual output rows are computed using the
<command>SELECT</command> output expressions for each selected
row. (See
<xref linkend="sql-select-list" endterm="sql-select-list-title">
below.)
</para>
</listitem>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
If the <literal>ORDER BY</literal> clause is specified, the If the <literal>ORDER BY</literal> clause is specified, the
@ -453,6 +453,34 @@ HAVING <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable>
appears within an aggregate function. appears within an aggregate function.
</para> </para>
</refsect2> </refsect2>
<refsect2 id="sql-select-list">
<title id="sql-select-list-title"><command>SELECT</command> List</title>
<para>
The <command>SELECT</command> list (between the key words
<literal>SELECT</> and <literal>FROM</>) specifies expressions
that form the output rows of the <command>SELECT</command>
statement. The expressions can (and usually do) refer to columns
computed in the <literal>FROM</> clause. Using the clause
<literal>AS <replaceable
class="parameter">output_name</replaceable></literal>, another
name can be specified for an output column. This name is
primarily used to label the column for display. It can also be
used to refer to the column's value in <literal>ORDER BY</> and
<literal>GROUP BY</> clauses, but not in the <literal>WHERE</> or
<literal>HAVING</> clauses; there you must write out the
expression instead.
</para>
<para>
Instead of an expression, <literal>*</literal> can be written in
the output list as a shorthand for all the columns of the selected
rows. Also, one can write <literal><replaceable
class="parameter">table_name</replaceable>.*</literal> as a
shorthand for the columns coming from just that table.
</para>
</refsect2>
<refsect2 id="SQL-UNION"> <refsect2 id="SQL-UNION">
<title id="sql-union-title"><literal>UNION</literal> Clause</title> <title id="sql-union-title"><literal>UNION</literal> Clause</title>
@ -486,7 +514,9 @@ HAVING <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable>
<para> <para>
The result of <literal>UNION</> does not contain any duplicate The result of <literal>UNION</> does not contain any duplicate
rows unless the <literal>ALL</> option is specified. rows unless the <literal>ALL</> option is specified.
<literal>ALL</> prevents elimination of duplicates. <literal>ALL</> prevents elimination of duplicates. (Therefore,
<literal>UNION ALL</> is usually significantly quicker than
<literal>UNION</>; use <literal>ALL</> when you can.)
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
@ -524,9 +554,9 @@ HAVING <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable>
<para> <para>
The result of <literal>INTERSECT</literal> does not contain any The result of <literal>INTERSECT</literal> does not contain any
duplicate rows unless the <literal>ALL</> option is specified. duplicate rows unless the <literal>ALL</> option is specified.
With <literal>ALL</>, a row that has m duplicates in the left With <literal>ALL</>, a row that has <replaceable>m</> duplicates in the
table and n duplicates in the right table will appear min(m,n) left table and <replaceable>n</> duplicates in the right table will appear
times in the result set. min(<replaceable>m</>,<replaceable>n</>) times in the result set.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
@ -538,6 +568,11 @@ HAVING <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable>
C</literal> will be read as <literal>A UNION (B INTERSECT C</literal> will be read as <literal>A UNION (B INTERSECT
C)</literal>. C)</literal>.
</para> </para>
<para>
Currently, <literal>FOR UPDATE</> may not be specified either for
an <literal>INTERSECT</> result or for any input of an <literal>INTERSECT</>.
</para>
</refsect2> </refsect2>
<refsect2 id="SQL-EXCEPT"> <refsect2 id="SQL-EXCEPT">
@ -562,9 +597,9 @@ HAVING <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable>
<para> <para>
The result of <literal>EXCEPT</literal> does not contain any The result of <literal>EXCEPT</literal> does not contain any
duplicate rows unless the <literal>ALL</> option is specified. duplicate rows unless the <literal>ALL</> option is specified.
With <literal>ALL</>, a row that has m duplicates in the left With <literal>ALL</>, a row that has <replaceable>m</> duplicates in the
table and n duplicates in the right table will appear max(m-n,0) left table and <replaceable>n</> duplicates in the right table will appear
times in the result set. max(<replaceable>m</>-<replaceable>n</>,0) times in the result set.
</para> </para>
<para> <para>
@ -573,33 +608,10 @@ HAVING <replaceable class="parameter">condition</replaceable>
unless parentheses dictate otherwise. <literal>EXCEPT</> binds at unless parentheses dictate otherwise. <literal>EXCEPT</> binds at
the same level as <literal>UNION</>. the same level as <literal>UNION</>.
</para> </para>
</refsect2>
<refsect2 id="sql-select-list">
<title id="sql-select-list-title"><command>SELECT</command> List</title>
<para> <para>
The <command>SELECT</command> list (between the key words Currently, <literal>FOR UPDATE</> may not be specified either for
<literal>SELECT</> and <literal>FROM</>) specifies expressions an <literal>EXCEPT</> result or for any input of an <literal>EXCEPT</>.
that form the output rows of the <command>SELECT</command>
statement. The expressions can (and usually do) refer to columns
computed in the <literal>FROM</> clause. Using the clause
<literal>AS <replaceable
class="parameter">output_name</replaceable></literal>, another
name can be specified for an output column. This name is
primarily used to label the column for display. It can also be
used to refer to the column's value in <literal>ORDER BY</> and
<literal>GROUP BY</> clauses, but not in the <literal>WHERE</> or
<literal>HAVING</> clauses; there you must write out the
expression instead.
</para>
<para>
Instead of an expression, <literal>*</literal> can be written in
the output list as a shorthand for all the columns of the selected
rows. Also, one can write <literal><replaceable
class="parameter">table_name</replaceable>.*</literal> as a
shorthand for the columns coming from just that table.
</para> </para>
</refsect2> </refsect2>
@ -707,7 +719,7 @@ OFFSET <replaceable class="parameter">start</replaceable>
When using <literal>LIMIT</>, it is a good idea to use an When using <literal>LIMIT</>, it is a good idea to use an
<literal>ORDER BY</> clause that constrains the result rows into a <literal>ORDER BY</> clause that constrains the result rows into a
unique order. Otherwise you will get an unpredictable subset of unique order. Otherwise you will get an unpredictable subset of
the query's rows---you may be asking for the tenth through the query's rows &mdash; you may be asking for the tenth through
twentieth rows, but tenth through twentieth in what ordering? You twentieth rows, but tenth through twentieth in what ordering? You
don't know what ordering unless you specify <literal>ORDER BY</>. don't know what ordering unless you specify <literal>ORDER BY</>.
</para> </para>

10
doc/src/sgml/ref/select_into.sgml
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/select_into.sgml,v 1.31 2004/09/26 23:48:07 neilc Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/select_into.sgml,v 1.32 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -95,12 +95,8 @@ SELECT [ ALL | DISTINCT [ ON ( <replaceable class="PARAMETER">expression</replac
<para> <para>
Prior to <productname>PostgreSQL</> 8.0, the table created by Prior to <productname>PostgreSQL</> 8.0, the table created by
<command>SELECT INTO</command> always included OIDs. Furthermore, <command>SELECT INTO</command> always included OIDs.
these OIDs were newly generated: they were distinct from the OIDs As of <productname>PostgreSQL</> 8.0, the
of any of the rows in the source tables of the <command>SELECT
INTO</command> statement. Therefore, if <command>SELECT
INTO</command> was frequently executed, the OID counter would be
rapidly incremented. As of <productname>PostgreSQL</> 8.0, the
inclusion of OIDs in the table created by <command>SELECT inclusion of OIDs in the table created by <command>SELECT
INTO</command> is controlled by the INTO</command> is controlled by the
<xref linkend="guc-default-with-oids"> configuration variable. This <xref linkend="guc-default-with-oids"> configuration variable. This

23
doc/src/sgml/ref/show.sgml
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/show.sgml,v 1.36 2004/08/03 20:32:32 tgl Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/show.sgml,v 1.37 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -105,7 +105,7 @@ SHOW ALL
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
True if the current session authorization identifier has True if the current session authorization identifier has
superuser privileges. superuser privileges.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -118,7 +118,7 @@ SHOW ALL
<term><literal>ALL</literal></term> <term><literal>ALL</literal></term>
<listitem> <listitem>
<para> <para>
Show the values of all configurations parameters. Show the values of all configuration parameters.
</para> </para>
</listitem> </listitem>
</varlistentry> </varlistentry>
@ -164,17 +164,17 @@ SHOW geqo;
Show all settings: Show all settings:
<programlisting> <programlisting>
SHOW ALL; SHOW ALL;
name | setting name | setting
-------------------------------+--------------------------------------- --------------------------------+----------------------------------------------
australian_timezones | off add_missing_from | on
authentication_timeout | 60 archive_command | unset
checkpoint_segments | 3 australian_timezones | off
. .
. .
. .
wal_debug | off work_mem | 1024
wal_sync_method | fdatasync zero_damaged_pages | off
(94 rows) (140 rows)
</programlisting> </programlisting>
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
@ -193,6 +193,7 @@ SHOW ALL;
<simplelist type="inline"> <simplelist type="inline">
<member><xref linkend="SQL-SET" endterm="SQL-SET-title"></member> <member><xref linkend="SQL-SET" endterm="SQL-SET-title"></member>
<member><xref linkend="SQL-RESET" endterm="SQL-RESET-title"></member>
</simplelist> </simplelist>
</refsect1> </refsect1>

22
doc/src/sgml/ref/update.sgml
View File

@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
<!-- <!--
$PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/update.sgml,v 1.30 2004/08/08 01:48:31 momjian Exp $ $PostgreSQL: pgsql/doc/src/sgml/ref/update.sgml,v 1.31 2005/01/04 03:58:16 tgl Exp $
PostgreSQL documentation PostgreSQL documentation
--> -->
@ -150,6 +150,26 @@ UPDATE <replaceable class="parameter">count</replaceable>
</para> </para>
</refsect1> </refsect1>
<refsect1>
<title>Notes</title>
<para>
When joining the target table to other tables using a <replaceable
class="PARAMETER">fromlist</replaceable>, be careful that the join
produces at most one output row for each row to be modified. In
other words, a target row mustn't join to more than one row from
the other table(s). If it does, then only one of the join rows
will be used to update the target row, but which one will be used
is not readily predictable.
</para>
<para>
Because of this indeterminancy, referencing other tables only within
sub-selects is safer, though often harder to read and slower than
using a join.
</para>
</refsect1>
<refsect1> <refsect1>
<title>Examples</title> <title>Examples</title>